南京市秦淮区老年居民食物和营养素摄入特点分析

目的了解南京市秦淮区老年居民膳食营养素摄取特点，为建议居民合理膳食及开展营养宣教提供依据。方法用连续3d24h膳食回顾法对291名居民进行膳食调查，并将老年与青年、中年居民的膳食营养素摄取状况进行比较分析。结果与青年、中年居民相比，老年男性居民的畜肉类、糕点类食品摄取量明显较低，而奶类、糖类摄取量较高，营养素摄取量无明显差异；能量、锌摄取量达到RNI要求的比例明显高于青年、中年男性。老年女性居民的畜肉、禽肉、蛋类食品摄取量明显较低，而油类摄取量较高。蛋白质、烟酸、硒、胆固醇摄取量明显较低，维生素B2、硒、烟酸摄取量达到RNI要求的比例明显较低，胆固醇摄取量超过300mg／d者的比例也较低。男女性老年居民水产类食品摄取量均较低。结论老年男性居民的牛奶摄取量多，但畜肉类食品摄取量少，脂肪、硒摄取量略低，而维生素A、钙的摄取量略高。老年女性居民的动物性食品摄取量较少，而油类食品摄取量较多，胆固醇摄取量明显减少，维生素B2、烟酸、硒的摄取量达到RNIs要求的比例明显较低。

Analysis of the characteristics of food and nutrients intake of the elderly in Qinhuai District of Nanjing

Objective To study the characteristics of food and nutrients intake of the elderly residents in Qinhuai district of Nanjing, and to provide evidence for the rational dietary recommendations and nutritional education. Methods Dietary survey was conducted with 24-hour dietary recalling for 3 continuous days among 291 residents, and comparison of food and nutrient intake was made between the elderly, middle-aged and young residents. Results Compared with that of the male young and middle-aged residents, the intake of meats and cakes in the male elderly was significantly lower, whereas the intake of milk and sugar was higher, but there was no obvious difference. The ratio of the intake of energy and zinc matched the RNI was markedly increased, as compared with that of the middle-aged and young residents. Compared with that of the female young and middle-aged residents, the intake of meat, poultry, egg, protein, niacin, selenium and cholesterol was significantly lower in the female elderly residents. However, the intake of oil was obviously higher. And the ratio of the intake of vitamin B2, selenium and niacin matched the RNI was significantly decreased. The ratio of the intake of cholesterol more than 300 mg / d was also lower. The marine intake of all elderly residents was slightly lower. Conclusions The intake of milk is high and the intake of meats is low for the male elderly, which makes the slightly low intake of fat and selenium and high intake of vitamin A and calcium. The intake of animal foods is low for female elderly, but the oil intake is high, which makes the low intake of cholesterol and low ratio for vitamin B2, niacin, selenium matched the RNIs.