应用生物反馈训练无肛术后患儿的排便功能

背景先天性无肛术后患儿大便失禁常常会引起心理、生理和社会交往能力的障碍.目的采用生物反馈训练方法对先天性无肛术后大便失禁的患儿进行排便训练,以期改善患儿术后的排便功能.设计自身对照实验.单位中国医科大学第二临床学院小儿外科.对象纳入中国医科大学第二临床学院小儿外科1998-01/2004-10收治的无肛术后有大便失禁的患儿20例,其中完全大便失禁4例,稀便失禁7例,污便9例,均为随访病例.中低位无肛畸形9例;高位无肛畸形11例.方法利用直肠肛管向量测压与肛门外括约肌肌电等客观检测手段,对无肛术后大便失禁的患儿经自行收缩肛门和排便习惯训练1个月后,再选择适宜的矫治大便失禁的方法,进行针对性的生物反馈训练.①加强肛周肌肉力量的生物反馈训练2次/d,待3周后患儿能正确进行肛周肌肉收缩训练,可使用便携式生物反馈训练仪回家继续训练.②改善直肠感觉性与肛门外括约肌协调性生物反馈训练,要反复进行扩张气囊的训练,建立一种正常的排便反射,只要直肠扩张,肛门外括约肌就会出现反射性收缩,防止大便失禁.③每日三餐后30min内进行排便习惯的训练.④电刺激结合生物反馈训练每次持续10min,2次/d,连续三四周.主要观察指标①患儿的最大肛管压、肛管的向量容积和肛门外括约肌肌电的振幅变化.②训练前后患儿直肠肛管反射的阳性率.结果按实际处理分析,20例患儿均进入结果分析.①肛管的最大压力值中低位畸形和高位畸形组训练后比训练前增加(24.88±16.58)和(18.18±13.71)kPa,(11.87±5.61)和(5.76±3.84)kPa,P＜0.05].②肛管内的向量容积中低位畸形和高位畸形组训练后比训练前增加(608.10±131.06)和(452.17±69.43)cm(cmHg)2,(139.17±130.02)和(117.01±74.35)cm(cmHg)2,P＜0.05].③肛门外括约肌肌电振幅中低位畸形和高位畸形组训练后比训练前增加(324.12±67.78)和(266.18±49.38)μV,(152.20±37.42)和(114.08±51.41)μV,P＜0.05].④直肠肛管收缩反射的阳性率训练后高于训练前90%(18/20),55%(11/20)].结论经生物反馈训练后无肛术后各组肛周肌肉力量、直肠感觉性与肛门外括约肌协调性、排便习惯、肛门外括约肌能力均有明显提高,尤以中低位畸形最明显,最大限度的改善了肛门外括约肌功能,起到了治疗大便失禁的作用.

Defecation function of children patients after treatment with biofeedback training

BACKGROUND: Encopresis after operation for congenital.ectopic anus can cause psychological, physiological and social ability disorders.OBJECTIVE: To treat the children with encopresis with biofeedback training so as to improve the function of post-operative defecation.DESIGN: A self-controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Clinical College of China Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 20 cases of encopresis after treatment with operation for ectopic anus, were recruited from the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Clinical College of China Medical University, between January 1998 and October 2004. Among them, there were 4 cases of complete encopresis, 7 cases of loose encopresis and 9 cases of blotch. All the cases were followed up. There were 9 cases of ectopic anus in the middle and lower parts, and 11 cases of ectopic anus at the high part.METHODS: The objective measuring methods of biofeedback training such as anorectal pressure and anus sphincter electromyography were used to train the patients with postoperative encopresis. After one-month self-directed training in anus contraction and defecation habit, the children received proper biofeedback training. ① Biofeedback training to strengthen the muscles around the anus twice per day. The portable biofeedback-training machine was taken home after the children patients could automically contract the muscles around the anus 3 weeks later. ② Biofeedback training to improve rectal sensitivity and coordination of anus sphincter, and repeated training in expanding saccus. A normal defecation reflex was established. Anus sphincter presented reflex contraction to prevent encopresis once the rectum expanded. ③ Defecation training was performed for 30 minutes after meals every day. ④ Electrostimulation combined with biofeedback training was performed for 10 minutes twice a day for 3 or 4 consecutive weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The maximum contraction anal pressure, vector volume, and electromyographic amplitude of external sphincter of anus; ② positive rate of anorectal contraction reflex of the children patients before and after training.RESULTS: According to actual treatment analysis, all the 20 children patients entered the result analysis. ① In middle and lower parts groups, the maximum contraction anal pressure increased from (11.87±5.61) kPa before training to (24.88±16.58) kPa after training; in high part group, they increased from (5.76±3.84)kPa to (18.18±13.71) kPa (P＜ 0.05). ② In middle and lower parts groups, the vector volume increased from (139.17±130.02) cm (cm Hg)2 to 608.10±131.06 cm·(cmHg)2, whereas in high group it increased from (117.01±74.35) cm(cm Hg)2 to (452.17±69.43) cm(cm Hg)2 (P＜ 0.05). ③ In middle and lower parts groups, the electromyographic amplitude of external sphincter of anus increased from (152.20±37.42) μV to (324.12±67.78) μV; in high part group, it rose from (114.08±51.41)μV to (266.18±49.38)μV (P ＜ 0.05). ④ The positive rate of anorectal contraction reflex improved from pretraining 55％ (11/20) to post-training 90％ (18/20).CONCLUSION: After biofeedback training, the maximum contraction anal pressure, anorectal sensitivity and the coordination of anus external sphincter, defecation habit, and contractibility of external sphincter of anus were all improved obviously, especially in those with ectopic anus in the middle or lower parts. Anus external sphincter function can be improved to the uttermost so as to cure encopresis.