2002-2004年河南省大气可吸入颗粒物污染现状及变化趋势分析

目的通过对河南省2002年至2004年18个省辖市区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)监测资料的分析,描述河南省大气中可吸入颗粒物污染浓度水平和地域分布情况,对其变化趋势进行初步分析,进而探讨可能的原因,并提出相应策略。方法对2002年至2004年河南省18个省辖市区,按照城市功能分区,采用网格式布点普查,优化出有代表性的位点作为采样点。其中PM10设75个采样点。对监测资料,用单因素方差分析q检验,比较各组均值之间差异是否有统计学意义。结果按年均浓度评价:各年年均浓度均超过了国家二级标准,空气质量为三级。自2002年至2004年大气污染状况现明显改善,共降低了21.6个百分点;年度内变化情况:2003年、2004年,全省大气可吸入颗粒物冬季污染最严重,春、秋季次之,夏季最轻,月均值变化趋势接近"U"型;全省PM10污染地区分布情况:劣三级城市主要分布在河南省北部,二级城市主要分布在河南省南部和东部地区,大部分城市为三级集中在河南省中部。结论全省大气中颗粒物污染状况出现逐年减轻的良好势头,特别值得注意的是,省内各产煤区由于近年来加强了对空气中颗粒物污染的有效治理,污染状况明显好转,但是就总体情况来看,大气中颗粒物污染形势仍然十分的严峻。

The analyse of the pollution status and change trend of airborne particulate matter in Henna province

Objective The data of airborne particulate matter(PM10) in eighteen cities of Henan province are analysed to describe the concentrations、distribution in geography and the change trend,then discuss the possible reasons and give the advises.Methods On the basis of the function of the eighteen cities of Henan province,The spots are optimized by the lattice-spot survey.There are 75 monitoring spots of airborne particulate matter(PM10).Then Use the q-test of One-Way Analyse of Variance(ANOVA) to contrast the differences of the means.Results The air quality just met the third rank with the yearly average concentrations of pollutants.The pollution status has been improved from year 2002 to the year 2004 with reducing 21.6 percent;The pollution condition in winter is more serious than in march and autumn,and the lightest is in summer,according to the change of PM10 during the years,as to a whole,the change trend of the monthly average concentrations is the shape of U;As to the distribution in geography of PM10,the cities of inferior third rank are in the central of Henan province,and the cities of second rank are in the south and east;In a word,most of the cities are in the line of the third rank.Conclusion The pollution of PM10 has been reduced with the year,especially the city exploiting coal,but the status of PM10 pollution is still serious.