日本国民健康保险制度的构建——统筹城乡医保体系的启示

国民健康保险作为日本国民皆保险制度的基础,在构建统筹城乡的全民医保制度的过程中发挥了极其重要的作用。国民健康保险因战时需要而构建,因占领军推动而重建,覆盖健康保险所未覆盖的农民、个体经营者、无业人员乃至合法滞留的外国人等群体,经过＂全国普及国民健康保险4年计划＂的加快推进,终于在1961年完成了国民皆保险体系的构建。其构建的历史过程坎坷曲折,阶段性明显,变迁规律清晰,积累了丰富的历史经验和教训。其立法先行、中央和地方政府责任分担、注重发挥专家学者智囊作用、多制度协调配合等经验和教训,对构建适合中国国情的城乡统筹医疗保险制度具有十分重要的意义。

The construction of national health insurance system of Japan and its implication to China

The national health insurance is the foundation of Japan＇s universal health insurance system, which plays the extremely vital role in constructing the city and countryside health insurance system. The national health insurance was constructed in wartime, which was reconstructed by the occupation army＇s promotion to cover those uninsured population such as farmers, individual operator, unemployed people, legitimate foreigner and so on. Through ＂the National Health Insurance 4 years plan＂ being carried out, universal health insurance system was set up finally in 1961. The construction historical process of Japan＇s national health insurance is rough winding; gradualness is obvious; the vicissitude rule is clear; the rich historical experience and the lesson are accumulated. The experience and the lesson of Japan＇s national health insurance, which is legislates presently, the central committee and the shared local authority responsibility, the attention to play the experts brain trustee role, the muhi-system synchromesh, is the extremely vital significance to construct city and village as a whole health insurance which suits China＇s national condition.