在体组织工程新概念

基于对人发角蛋白(HHK)人工腱长达10余年的实验和临床应用研究的结果．我们提出了在体组织工程化肌腱的概念,即HHK人工腱及其降解产物能诱导周围组织内的成腱干细胞增殖、分化为腱细胞并刺激其他细胞分泌某些细胞因子参与调节,最终形成自体腱。我们在实验中还发现,HHK植入损伤骨组织、神经组织和肌组织后在原位构建出相应的组织。从而进一步提出“在体组织工程”新的理论体系。它是指可吸收性生物支架材料植入体内后．通过材料本身及其降解产物激活周围组织自身的成体干细胞分裂、增殖、分化．并在体内生理条件下与基质材料达到最佳的有机融合,并最终完成替代基质材料形成在解剖、组织学意义上与自体组织几乎完全一致的结构。从而在体内完成构建完整的组织工程化组织或器官的过程。在体组织工程不仅利用体内微环境和体内精细的调节机制“在体培养”种子细胞．消除了现行组织工程化组织或器官(传统组织工程)中种子细胞的排斥反应、变异和功能退化及复杂的保存、运输和高额费用等问题,最重要的是更贴近临床需要。不仅有巨大的临床应用潜能,而且尚具有重要的理论价值。

In vivo tissue engineering: a new concept]

From our over a decade-long experience in experiments and clinical applications of human hair keratin (HHK) artificial tendon, a conclusion was drawn that HHK artificial tendon components and their degradation products could stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of tenoblasts in the neighboring tissues into tenocytes. With the regulation of this process by certain cytokines secreted by other cells, autotendons can be finally formed. We also found that after grafting for the tissue defects such as in the bone, nerve and muscle, "in situ construction" of the tissue/organ substitutes occurred, which inspired us to propose a wholly new theoretical system--in vivo tissue engineering, defined as in vivo reconstruction of the defected tissues or organs. The grafted absorbable scaffold biomaterial itself and its degradation products can activate the mitosis, proliferation, and differentiation of adult stem cells in the surrounding tissues, which organically interact with the material to form an organic complex under in vivo physiological conditions. Finally the matrix material is completely replaced by the complex, an almost identical structure with the normal tissue in terms of anatomy and histology. One of the advantages of in vivo tissue engineering is "in vivo construction" of the tissue/organ substitutes in anatomy, histology and function way of "in vivo cultivation" of the seed cells under in vivo microenvironment and in vivo precise regulation mechanism. It solves such problems as immune rejection against seed cells, variation and functional deterioration of the seed cells, complicated preservation procedure, transportation and high cost. The most prominent advantage of this technique is that it best meets the clinical need, not only in the sense of its powerful clinical potential, but also in its significant theoretical value.