Factors in cobra venoms affecting the complement system

Three constituents of cobra venoms are known to interact with complement: the “cobra venom factor” (CVF), a high-molecular-weight factor (H-CoF), and the “cobra inhibitor” (CI). CVF and CI act by forming complexes with certain complement components. In doing so, CVF replaces an endogenous component, C3b, and hence activates the alternative pathway and leads to C3 (and C5) consumption. In contrast, CI competes with essential complex formations of endogenous components and thus inhibits various reactions. Both, CVF and CI, are useful tools to study the biochemistry of complement and its pathophysiological involvements. The effect of H-CoF on complement has not yet been studied in detail.