硫化铅量子点辅助近红外二区荧光成像技术在活体应用中的研究进展

近红外二区（NIR-Ⅱ, 900～1 700 nm）的光相较于传统可见光（400～700 nm）和近红外一区（NIR-Ⅰ, 700～900 nm）的光，波长更长，生物组织内传播时散射更小。因此，NIR-II荧光成像技术在活体生物组织内具有深层穿透能力和高时空分辨率成像等优点。发射NIR-II荧光的纳米探针备受研究者们的关注，其中硫化铅（PbS）量子点凭借尺寸可调、波段可调、易被修饰和量子产率高等优势成为生物医学活体成像的研究热点，如心脑血管和肿瘤等多种疾病的动物造影实验。本文介绍PbS量子点的荧光特性和合成方法，概述NIR-II窗口下PbS量子点基于多种物质的修饰，在胃肠道、血管、肿瘤、淋巴结等生物活体组织内荧光成像的应用，为探索该成像模式下未来发展潜力做铺垫。

Advances in in vivo application of lead sulfide quantum dots assisted NIR-II fluorescence imaging technology

Abstract: Compared with the light in the traditional visible region (400-700 nm) and in the near-infrared spectral region Ⅰ (NIR-Ⅰ, 700-900 nm), the light in the near-infrared spectral region Ⅱ (NIR-Ⅱ, 900-1 700 nm) has longer wavelength and smaller scattering during propagation within biological tissues. NIR-II fluorescence imaging technology shows the advantages of deep penetrating capability in in vivo biological tissues and high spatiotemporal resolution. With the development of nanotechnology, NIR-II fluorescence emissive nanoprobes are gradually developed. Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots have become the research hotspot because of their advantages of adjustable size, adjustable bands, easy to modify and extremely high quantum yield. In recent years, PbS nanoprobe assisted NIR-II fluorescence imaging technology exerted a huge impact on the biomedical field, especially the animal imaging experiments of cardio-cerebrovascular, tumors and other many diseases. Herein the fluorescence properties and synthesis methods of PbS quantum dots are introduced, and the in vivo applications of PbS quantum dots under the modifications of a variety of substances are summarized, and an overview of PbS quantum dots assisted NIR-II fluorescence imaging in in vivo biological tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, tumors, lymph nodes is gave, which paves the way for exploring the future potential of this imaging model.