养老机构衰弱及衰弱前期老年人孤独感现状及影响因素

目的 探讨养老机构衰弱及衰弱前期老年人孤独感现状及影响因素，为后期干预提供理论依据。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2022年1—6月在广州市、东莞市、湛江市及南宁市4地8家养老机构的185名衰弱及衰弱前期老年人作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、衰弱表型量表、UCLA孤独感量表、简易精神状态量表、抑郁量表简表进行调查。结果 轻度孤独感发生率为10.27%,中度孤独感发生率为63.78%,重度孤独感发生率为25.95%,孤独感总均分为(41.18±9.845)分，多元线性回归分析结果显示，休闲活动、认知功能、抑郁是养老机构衰弱及衰弱前期老年人孤独感的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 养老机构衰弱及衰弱前期老年人孤独感发生率较高，属于中度水平，休闲活动、认知功能、抑郁是其影响因素，养老机构医护人员应关注该人群孤独感的问题，并根据相关影响因素采取针对性干预措施，来缓解衰弱及衰弱前期老年人的孤独感的并改善其衰弱状态。

The status quo and influencing factors of loneliness among the frail and pre-frail elderlies in elderly care institutions

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of loneliness among the frail and pre-frail elderlies in elderly care institutions, and to provide a theoretical basis for later intervention. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 185 frail and pre-frail elderly people from 8 elderly care institutions in Guangzhou, Dongguan, Zhanjiang and Nanning from January to June 2022. General information questionnaire, frailty phenotype scale, UCLA loneliness scale,simple mental state scale, and short form of depression scale were applied for investigation. Results The incidence of mild loneliness was 10.27%, the incidence of moderate loneliness was 63.78%, and the incidence of severe loneliness was 25.95%. The total score of loneliness was 41.18±9.845. Activity, cognitive function, and depression were the influencing factors of loneliness among the elderlies in frail and pre-frail in old age care institutions (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of loneliness among the elderlies in frail and pre-frail elderly care institutions is relatively high, which is at a moderate level. Leisure activities, cognitive function, and depression are the influencing factors. The medical staff of the elderly care institutions should pay attention to the problem of loneliness in this population, and according to the relevant impact factors,targeted interventions should be taken to alleviate loneliness and improve frailty among frail and pre-frail elderlies.