纳米颗粒和外泌体靶向载药系统诊治动脉粥样硬化的机遇与挑战

动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病，粥样斑块慢性聚集并沉积于大中型动脉内膜，导致严重的狭窄和血运障碍，引发组织器官缺血缺氧。纳米药物相对于传统药物在动脉粥样硬化治疗中因其具有独特的优势而广泛受到关注。本文重点综述几种纳米靶向颗粒（系统）和外泌体靶向载药系统在抗动脉粥样硬化研究中的应用，简述代表性纳米材料的合成过程，对其靶向性进行分析，并概述纳米药物的益处和内在挑战。尽管面临着一些需要解决和完善的挑战，但是纳米颗粒和外泌体靶向载药治疗的前景广阔，并有望将其推广应用于临床实践中。

Nanoparticle- and Exosome-based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems Used in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Opportunities and Challenges

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which atheromatous plaque long-termly accumulates and obstructs the intima of medium and large arteries, causing first severe stenosis and blood flow disorders, and then ischemia and hypoxia in tissues and organs. Nanomedicines have received widespread attention for their unique advantages over conventional drugs in the treatment of atherosclerosis. This article detailedly reviews several nanoparticle- and exosome-based targeted drug delivery systems in anti-atherosclerosis research, briefly describes the synthesis of representative nanomaterials, analyses their targeting properties and outlines the benefits and inherent challenges of nanomedicines. Despite the challenges that need to be addressed and refined, nanoparticles and exosomes used as drug delivery vehiclesin treatments for atherosclerosis hold great promise and are expected to have wider clinical applications.