Operation Smoke Storm: effectiveness of a school-based smoking prevention intervention providing insight into the tobacco industry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK;2. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;3. King''s College London, London, UK;4. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK;5. University of Stirling, Stirling, UK;6. University of York, York, UK;1. Division of Medical Ethics, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA;1. New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;1. Department of General Medicine, Royal Children''s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;2. Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Children''s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;3. Emergency Department, Royal Children''s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;4. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;5. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;1. University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAssessment of the US Truth campaign showed that mass media campaigns informing children about tobacco industry practices are effective in preventing smoking uptake. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effectiveness of a school-based intervention, based on the premise of Truth, in reducing ever smoking and susceptibility to smoking among children in the UK.MethodsData come from a pilot study intended to test the acceptability of the intervention and ease of delivery, and to provide preliminary evidence of effectiveness before further assessment in a randomised trial. 445 students in two schools in the East Midlands, UK, completed anonymous questionnaires in Year 7 (ie, aged 11–12 years) and Year 8 (12–13), before and after receiving the Operation Smoke Storm intervention. This intervention consisted of three teacher-led sessions that combined interactive paper-based and audio-visual components in Year 7 and one booster session in Year 8. We used multilevel logistic regression (students nested within schools), adjusted for confounders, to compare the odds of smoking and susceptibility at follow-up in students who received Operation Smoke Storm with 1692 students in eight local schools who were asked identical questions about smoking behaviour as part of another survey but who did not receive the intervention. The study was approved by the University of Nottingham Medical School Research Ethics Committee (reference C13122012 CHS EPH Smoking).FindingsPrevalence of ever smoking or susceptibility to smoking was similar in intervention and control schools in Year 7. In Year 8, 34 students (7·6%) who received Operation Smoke Storm reported ever smoking and 111 (24·9%) reported susceptibility to smoking; 175 students (10·3%) who did not receive Operation Smoke Storm reported ever smoking and 329 (19·4%) reported susceptibility. There was no significant difference in the odds of a combined outcome of ever smoking or susceptibility to smoking in students who received the intervention compared with controls (adjusted odds ratio 1·28, 95% CI 0·83–1·97; p=0·263), and no difference in odds of ever smoking (0·82, 0·42–1·58; p=0·549).InterpretationOperation Smoke Storm does not seem to have reduced smoking and susceptibility to smoking among students aged 12–13 years in two UK schools. Qualitative analysis is ongoing to explore students’ and teachers’ perceptions of Operation Smoke Storm and potential reasons to explain the apparent lack of effectiveness.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research Programme (NIHR PHRP) (project number 11/3010/02). The funder had no role in the writing of the abstract or the decision to submit. |
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