癌症患者疼痛量表的应用

癌痛本质上是患者的主观感受，因此患者的疼痛表述是评估的依据，患者自评量表也由此在临床实践和研究中被广泛采用。一维量表常用于评估癌痛的强度，其中的数字评估量表（Numerical Rating Scale，NRS）被欧洲姑息治疗研究协作组所推荐；多维量表，如简式疼痛问卷（Brief Pain Inventory，BPI）或修订后的简式麦吉尔疼痛问卷（Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire，SF-MPQ-2）可更全面的评估癌痛；评估肿瘤患者的爆发痛、神经病理性疼痛时可选择有针对性的量表；对认知功能受损的患者，脸谱法评估有助于癌痛筛查，要评估癌痛还需采用多维量表。无论选择何种评估工具，均强调对癌痛进行动态评估。简便易行的电子评估量表是目前癌痛新量表研制的趋势。 

Application of pain assessment tools in cancer pain patients

Cancer pain is an inherently subjective feeling. As such, a patient's report of pain is the basis of assessment. Self-reported questionnaires are extensively used in clinical practice and research. Single-item unidimensional rating scales are often used to assess pain intensity. Numerical rating scale is recommended by the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative. Multidimensional measurements, such as brief pain inventory and short-form McGill pain questionnaire (revised version), can also be used for more comprehensive pain assessments than other questionnaires. Furthermore, specific tools can be applied when cancer-related breakthrough pain or neuropathic pain is assessed. For patients with cognitive function impairments, face rating scale is a useful tool to screen pain. Multidimensional measurements should also be used for further evaluation. In cancer pain evaluation, the development of simple and practical computer-administered questionnaires is a new trend. Repeated cancer pain assessment is strongly recommended regardless of the applied scale.