右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞治疗老年患者三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的可行性

目的 评价右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞治疗老年患者三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的可行性.方法 拟行星状神经节阻滞的三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的老年患者45例,性别不限,年龄65～85岁,体重45～85 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=15):单纯星状神经节阻滞组(SGB组)、0.4μg/ml右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞组(DS1组)和0.6 μg/ml右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞组(DS2组).DS1组和DS2组于星状神经节阻滞前分别静脉输注浓度为0.4和0.6μg/ml的右美托咪啶0.1 ml/kg,SGB组输注等容量生理盐水,输注时间15 min.给予0.5％罗哌卡因8～10ml行星状神经节阻滞.记录阻滞起效时间和阻滞维持时间.记录术中心动过缓、低血压和呼吸抑制的发生情况.于治疗后1、2、4和8周时,行VAS评分,0～3分为镇痛满意,计算镇痛满意率.结果 三组心动过缓、低血压及呼吸抑制的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与SGB组比较,DS1组和DS2组阻滞维持时间延长,治疗后2、4和8周时镇痛满意率升高(P＜0.05)；DS1组和DS2组阻滞起效时间、阻滞维持时间和镇痛满意率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与单纯星状神经节阻滞相比,右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞治疗老年患者三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的效果更佳.

Feasibility of using dexmedetomidine as supplement to stellate ganglion block in treatment of trigeminal post-herpetic neuralgia in elderly patients

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using dexmedetomidine (Dex) as supplement to stellate ganglion block (SGB) in the treatment of trigcminal post-herpetic neuralgia in elderly patients.Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅱ patients with trigeminal post-herpetic neuralgia aged 65-85 yr weighing 45-85 kg undergoing stellate ganglion block were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =15 each): group SGB; group Dex 0.4 and 0.6 μg/kg +SGB (groups DS1 and DS2).SGB was performed on the affected side with 0.5％ ropivacaine 8-10 ml.Dex 0.4 and 0.6 μg/kg in normal saline were infused iv over 15 min before SGB in groups DS1 and DS2 respectively.The onset time and duration of block were recorded.Bradycardia,hypotension and respiratory depression were also recorded.The intensity of pain was assessed with VAS scores (0=no pain,10 =worst pain) before and at 1,2,4,8 weeks after SGB.VAS score ≤3 was defined as satisfactory analgesia.The rate of satisfactory analgesia was calculated.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of bradycardia,hypotension and respiratory depression among the 3 groups.The duration of block was significantly longer and the rate of satisfactory analgesia at 2,4,8 weeks after SGB was significantly higher in groups DS1 and DS2 than in group SGB.There was no significant difference in the onset time,duration of block and the rate of satisfactory analgesia between groups DS1 and DS2.Conclusion SGB with Dex has better therapeutic effect than SGB in elderly patients with trigeminal post-herpetic neuralgia.