大鼠小脑共济失调模型及病理学研究

目的建立SD大鼠海人酸（KA）损毁双侧小脑顶核制备的小脑共济失调动物模型；观察其共济失调的行为学和病理学改变。方法采用大鼠脑立体定位仪，微量注射KA损毁SD大鼠双侧小脑顶核，制备SD大鼠小脑共济失调模型。采用自制鼠共济失调检测仪观察共济失调及行为变化、病理改变（光、电镜组织形态学改变）。结果KA损伤SD大鼠小脑共济失调模型行为学表现为后肢体行动困难、笨拙，行走不稳，躯体向左或右侧倾倒或打转，自己难以翻正，反应迟钝，胆小，紧张等表现；病理学证实注射部位的神经元大部分坏死、脱失，出现明显的神经变性损害的病理特点。结论SD大鼠双侧小脑顶核微量注射KA可成功制备小脑变性动物模型，其损伤的病理变化以神经元退变为主，而小脑的完整性不受破坏，适用于神经千细胞移植和再生的研究。

Cerebellar ataxia model and pathology in rats

Objective To establish an animal model of cerebellar ataxia by injecting kainic acid （KA） into SD rat＇s bilateral cerebellar fastigial nuclei and to observe the praxiological and pathological change of SD rat＇s ataxia. Methods SD rat model of cerebellar ataxia was made by injecting KA into bilateral cerebellar fastigial nuclei. Then the ataxia and praxiological changes were observed by rat ataxia detector and pathological changes were observed under light and electron microscope. Results The praxiological manifestations of SD rat model of cerebellar ataxia induced by KA injury were as follows： difficulty of hind limb movement, clumsy, unstable walking, toppling and falling to left or right or rotating, and unable to turn over by itself, responding slowly, timid and nervous. Pathological examination demonstrated that most neurons in injection area were necrotic or disappeared and there were pathological characteristics of obvious neurodegenerative lesions. Conclusion Injection of KA into bilateral cerebellar fastigial nuclei of SD rat can successfully form cerebella degeneration animal model. The pathological changes of its injury is mainly degeneration of neurons, while the integrity of cerebella was not destroyed. The model is suitable for research on nerve cell transplantation and regeneration.