兔血清对氧磷酶在防治有机磷中毒中的作用

目的：通过对有机磷农药中毒的实验动物进行对氧磷酶（paraoxonase,PON）的预防性治疗,比较其同传统解毒剂（阿托品＋氯解磷定）预防效果的差异,探索防治有机磷农药中毒的新方法.方法：采用液相色谱法制备兔血清PON.大鼠随机分为A、B、C3组,各组均采用敌敌畏（50 mg/kg,LD50）经口灌胃染毒.A组为对照组：静脉给予生理盐水;B组为阳性对照组：在染毒前30 min和15 min,分别在腹腔内注射阿托品（10 mg/kg）、氯解磷定（30 mg/kg）;C组为治疗组：分为低、中、高3个剂量亚组,在染毒前10 min,分别静脉注射兔血清PON（5 U/kg、10 U/kg、15 U/kg）.观察各组染毒后24h大鼠的中毒症状和死亡率,并于染毒后的不同时间点静脉采血,检测各时间点全血、红细胞中胆碱酯酶（AchE）的活性变化.结果：同A组相比,B、C组大鼠中毒症状明显减轻,死亡率降低.且在不同时间点,C组大鼠血及红细胞中的AchE的恢复情况明显优于B组.C组各亚组间比较显示AchE的恢复情况同PON呈明显的剂量依赖关系.结论：PON在预防有机磷中毒的效果明显优于阿托品、氯解磷定联用,且其效果同剂量有显著的正相关性,毒副作用小.

Effect of Rabbits Serum Paraoxonase on the Prevention of Organophosphorous Poisoning

Objective： To explore the prophylactic effect of paraoxonase （PON） on acute organophosphorus poisoning and com- pare it with traditional antagonists （Atropine ＋ PAM-CL）. Methods： The PON was derived and purified from mixed rabbits serum by the means of liquid chromatography. Rats were randomly divided into the control group, the positive control group and the PON prophylactic group named A, B, C, which all exposed to DDVP （50 mg/kg） by intragastric administration. Atropine, PAM-CL, PON were injected 30, 15, 10 min respectively prior to the administration of DDVP. The C group was divided into three sub-groups according to the dosage of PON. Toxic signs and mortality were observed after DDVP poisoning and the results were compared among 3 groups. The AchE activity in whole blood and RBC were detected after exposure at different time points. Results： The toxic signs and mortality in the groups B, C were significantly decreased compared with group A. Analysis on the restoration of AchE activities indicates that the protection efficacy of PON was superior to the others and dependent on the dosage of PON. Conclusion： PON shows greater prospect in its prophylactic effects on organophosphorus poisoning than traditional antagonists （ Atropine ＋ PAM-CL） without any side effects.