胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌切开手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的可行性及临床应用效果。方法2002年9月至2004年9月应用胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折22例,男15例,女7例;年龄28～71岁,平均39岁。骨折节段位于T112例、T1210例、L110例。完全性截瘫7例,不完全性截瘫15例。所有病例均行前路减压、植骨及钢板内固定。结果手术时间180～320min,平均230min;出血量500～2000ml,平均900ml。全部病例随访9￣35个月,平均19.5个月。CT显示骨折碎块清除彻底,椎管减压充分。椎间植骨均融合,融合时间平均3.8个月。1例螺钉固定时穿入椎间隙,经术中透视后及时纠正;1例术后出现脑脊液漏,经改变体位1周后愈合。术后未出现胸腔积液、气胸、膈肌疝等并发症。4例全瘫未恢复,14例神经功能明显恢复。结论胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折可做到良好的椎管减压、植骨及内固定。胸腔镜下切开及修复膈肌无须特殊的内镜设备,能避免经胸腹膜后及胸腹联合切口的并发症。

Treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery transdiaphragmatic approach

Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical effect of the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery transdiaphragmatic approach in the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods 22 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures were managed by the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery transdiaphragmatic approach from September 2002 to September 2004. There were 15 males and 7 females, and the age of the patients were from 28 to 71 years with an average of 39 years. The fracture located at T11 in 2, T12 in 10 and L1 in 10. The states of preoperative neurological function were complete paraplegia in 7 cases and incomplete paraplegia in 15 cases. All cases were treated with anterior decompression, autograft and internal fixation with anterior plate fixation systems. Results The average operation time was 230 mins (180 to 320 mins). The average blood loss was 900 ml (500 to 2000 ml). An average followed up period was 19.5 months (9 to 35 months) in all patients. The fracture fragments were cleaned thoroughly and the vertebral canal were decompressed entirely showing on CT films. All patients had successful fusion with an average of 3.8 months. One fixing screw was penetrated into intervertebral space in 1 case. It had been recorrected under a fluoroscopic machine. One case was complicated leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and cured after one week in a prone position. No pleural effusion, pneumothorax and diaphragmatic herniations encountered. 4 cases with complete paraplegia didn't show any improvement, 14 cases had improved obviously in the function of the spinal cord. Conclusion The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery transdiaphragmatic approach in the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures was feasible, for satisfactory vertebral canal decompression, graft and internal fixation. Diaphragmatic opening and repair can be accomplished safely and effectively without special endoscopic instrumentation. It also precludes the need for retropleural-retroperitoneal and open thoracoabdominal approaches and thus avoids the associated significant morbidity.