伤寒的现状分析及预防控制

伤寒是由伤寒杆菌引起的严重急性传染病,主要发生在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲地区,严重威胁人类健康。伤寒杆菌经粪—口途径传播,人类是唯一的传染源,因此伤寒与环境和食品卫生状况密切相关。近年来多重耐药菌株的出现,使伤寒的抗生素治疗日益复杂,因此严格遵守饮食和饮水卫生及接种伤寒疫苗仍是预防控制该病的主要手段。本文就伤寒的疾病特征、流行分布、多重耐药情况、预防控制及疫苗应用等情况进行了综述。

Analysis on current situation and strategies of prevention and control for typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is an acute, life-threatening infectious illness caused by salmonella typhosa, which occurs mainly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Transmission of typhoid fever occurs via the fecal-oral route. Humans are the only source. Personal hygiene and appropriate sanitation are thought to be closely related to typhoid infection. In recent years, the emergence of multidrug resistance in S. typhi has complicated the treatment, food and water precautions and vaccination against typhoid fever remain the essential preventive strategies. The article reviews the feature of typhoid fever, epidemic distribution, muhidrug resistance, prevention and control and vaccine application, etc.