前路螺钉固定治疗齿状突骨折

目的 回顾两种不同方式进行的前路齿状突螺钉固定的方法.方法 1999年-2009年收治的51例C2骨折的患者中,单纯Ⅱ型骨折36例,行前路齿状突螺钉固定.本组男28例,女8例;年龄17～59岁,平均42.3岁.2005年6月前11例患者在G/C形臂透视下导入松质骨空心螺钉,设为A组.2005年6月以后25位患者应用ISO-C三维导航系统置入螺钉,设为B组.比较两组手术时间和出血量.术后3,6,12个月复查X线片,观察骨折愈合情况和上颈椎稳定性.结果 手术时间:A组77～148 min[(102±12)min],B组71～150 min[(104±14)min],两组差异无统计学意义.出血量:A组20～130 ml[(46±5)ml],B组26～150 ml[(42±6)ml],两组差异无统计学意义.术后3个月所有患者得到复查,X线片未见骨折愈合,骨折端无移位,颈部旋转平均40%受限.术后1年复查,30例(83%)骨性愈合,6例(17%)纤维愈合,颈部平均24%旋转受限.结论 在G/C形臂X线机透视下导入松质骨空心螺钉与应用ISO-C三维导航系统导入螺钉比较,手术时间、出血量及骨折愈合等无差异.但导航可以减少医患双方的射线暴露,有时甚至可以应用实心螺钉固定增加强度,从而减少因不愈合所致的并发症.

Anterior screw fixation of odontoid fractures

Objective To evaluate two kinds of anterior screw fixations in the treatment of odontoid fractures. Methods A total of 36 patients with D' Alonzo type Ⅱ odontoid process fractures were treated with anterior screw fixation in our department from 1999 to July 2009. There were 28 males and 8 females at mean age of 42.3 years (rang 17-59 years). According to time and surgery procedures, the patients were divided into Group A ( from 1999 to June 2005, n = 11 ) and Group B ( from June 2005 to July 2009, n = 25 ). Patients in Group A received anterior hollow screw fixation of the odontoid process monitored under G-arm or C-arm, while those in Group B received anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system. The operation time and blood loss in two groups were compared by Student' s t test and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software. X-ray examination was performed in all patients 3, 6 and 12 months after operation to observe fracture union and stability of the upper cervical spine. Results The operation time was ( 102 ± 12) min ( range, 77-148 min) in Group A and ( 104 ± 14) min ( range, 71-150 min) in Group B, with no statistical difference ( P =0.21 ). The blood loss was (465 ± 5) ml (range, 20-130 ml) in Group A and (42 ± 6) ml (range, 26-150 ml) inGroup B, with no statistical difference (P = 0.16). All patients received reexamination three months after operation, which showed no bony union or dislocation but average 40% restriction of neck rotation. One year after operation, 30 patients (83%) got fracture union and six ( 17% ) got fiber healing, with average 24% restriction of neck rotation. Conclusions There is no statistical significant differences between two groups in aspects of operation time, blood loss and fracture healing. But anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process assisted by Iso-C 3D navigation system can reduce exposure to radiation of both patients and surgeons. Furthermore, solid screws can be applied to augment the fixation intensity and thereby reduce the complications caused by non - union.