2001-2011年鹤庆县血吸虫病传播阻断乡村疫情监测

目的 了解鹤庆县血吸虫病传播阻断乡村的疫情状况,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供科学依据.方法 每年在历史有螺环境及可疑环境采用机械抽样结合环境抽样法开展螺情监测,对从事农业劳动的高危人群及外来人员采用IHA法初筛,阳性者用粪便集卵孵化法检查,用顶管孵化法监测流行村的家畜.结果 通过监测2006年发现血吸虫病患者3例,2005年查到病牛2头,其余年份没有发现血吸虫人畜感染；2001年钉螺面积147 268 m2,2006年回升至633704 m2,2011年又下降至149651 m2,钌螺面积构成以田块为主,占传播阻断地区历史累计钉螺面积的0.88％,钉螺分布局限；2002 - 2006年查出阳性钉螺,钉螺感染率0.03％～0.87％.结论 2001 - 2011年云南鹤庆县血吸虫病传播阻断乡村有钉螺分布,且发现感染性钉螺和病畜.

Surveillance of Schistosomiasis Endemic Situation in Transmission-interrupted Areas in Heqing County,2001-2011

Objective To analyze the status of schistosomiasis endemic situation in transmission-interrupted areas in Heiqing County,so as to provide scientific basis for control.Methods Snails were detected in the places where snails inhabited in history and possible breeding environment by the methods of systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling yearly.The high-risk population and non-residents were screened by IHA and serum positive ones were confirm by fecal examination.Domestic animals were surveyed using a miracidial hatching technique.Results Three patients in 2006 and 2 schistosomiasis cattle in 2005 were found.The area with snail was 147 268 m2 in 2001 and expanded to 633 704 m2 in 2006,again decreased to 149 651 m2 in 2011,accounting for 0.88% of the total historical cumulative snail area in transmission-interrupted areas;snails was distributed within a limited area.From 2007 to 2011,no positive snail was found.Conclusion Both Oncomelania(including affected ones) and affected cattle were found in transmission-interrupted areas calling for a combination work for residual snail control and schistosomiasis transmission control.