四川省理县犬只管理防治黑热病效果观察

目的采用犬只管理为主的控制措施,观察防治黑热病效果,为疫区制订防治对策提供依据。方法政府负责组织,卫生和农牧部门负责技术与实施,采取全面灭犬、捕杀漏灭和新养家犬与禁养家犬3～5年的犬只管理;采用诊治现症患者、疫点处理、杀虫剂浴犬和灭蛉的巩固措施及家犬密度、犬利什曼病血清学检测的监测措施。结果1991-1993年理县采取犬只管理全面灭犬3 060只,捕杀漏灭与新养家犬3 420只;1994年疫区实施禁养家犬3～5年,黑热病发病人数逐年下降,1997年以来无病例发生。1997年以后,疫区养犬数增多,2006-2007年监测家犬密度平均为0.51～0.99只/户。2008年全面灭犬3 825只,家犬密度平均下降为0.02～0.18只/户;2010年用rk39试条检测家犬,阳性率为4.08%。监测显示理县黑热病传播已得到有效控制。结论理县实施犬只管理控制传染源,是防治犬源性黑热病最有效的措施,防治远期效果巩固,应大力推行。

Dog Management on the Prevention of Kala-Azarin Li County,Sichuan Province

Objective To provide evidence for the development of Kala-Azar prevention in the epidemic area by taking dog management as the main measure to observe the effect of preventing Kala-Azar.Methods Government was responsible for organizing,while health and agricultural departments were responsible for technique and implementation.Take comprehensive dogs extermination,killing leakage dog,domestic dog’s management for 3-5 years and prohibiting new domestic dogs as dog management measures;take diagnosis and treatment of patients,epidemic focus process,insecticide bath dogs and destroy Chrysopa as consolidation measures;and take density of dogs,canine leishmaniasis serological testing as monitoring measures. Results From 1991 to 1993,Li county had exterminated 3 060 dogs comprehensively and killed 3 420 leakage and new domestic dogs.Keeping domestic dogs were prohibited for 3-5 years in epidemic areas since 1994,and the incidence of Kala-Azar declines,with no case had occurred since 1997.After 1997,the number of dogs increased in epidemic areas,the average density of monitoring domestic dogs was 0.51-0.99 per family from 2006 to 2007.Li county exterminated 3 825 dogs comprehensively in 2008,and the density reduced to 0.02-0.18 per family.Rk39 was adopted to test domestic dogs in 2010,with the positive rate was 4.08%.The results of monitoring presented that the epidemic of Kala-Azar had been effectively controlled in Li county.Conclusion Taking dog management is the effective measure of preventing canine leishmaniasis,it can consolidate the long-time monitoring effect and should be pursued vigorously.