改善随班就读孤独症儿童自我概念的个案

背景: 近年来国内对孤独症儿童的心理理论、执行功能的研究较多, 但对关于孤独症儿童自我概念的研究相对较少。近年有学者发现孤独症儿童对自我的认知并非混沌一片, 他们对自我有初步的认知能力。目的: 对 1 例随班就读的孤独症儿童进行改善自我概念的康复训练, 从而为特殊教育工作者和患儿家长提供适当的建议。设计: 个案报告。单位: 南京特殊教育职业技术学院康复系。对象: 案例为 1998- 06 出生的男性, 南京市人, 出生时未发现异常。TG在良好的家庭环境中长大。TG 在 1 岁左右开始学说一些话, 但后来讲话越来越少, 3 岁几乎整天一个字也不讲, 拒绝与外界交流。2001- 02 被沈阳市儿童医院诊断为孤独症。方法: 对 1 例孤独症患儿采用综合干预措施 10 个月。在研究开始和结束, 运用观察法、对比法、访谈法、调查问卷法对孤独症儿童的自我概念进行多方面的评定。主要观察指标: 孤独症患儿经综合干预措施后自我概念改善情况。结果: 孤独症患儿在经过康复训练后在自我观察、自我评价、自我控制方面与干预前比较有明显的改善。结论: 运用多种康复训练的方法可以改善孤独症儿童的自我概念。

Improvement in the self-concept of an autistic child in regular class: A case report

BACKGROUND:There are many researches about the psychology and executive function of autistic children in domestic,but few of them about the self-concept.Some scholars have found that although the autistic children do not have clear self-cognition,they have preliminary cognitive ability. OBJECTIVE:To perform the rehabilitative training to improve the serf-concepts of a child with autism in regular class,so as to provide proper advises for the parents of autistic child as well as workers of special education.DESIGN:Case report.SETTING:Department of Rehabilitation,Nanjing Technical College of Special Education.PARTICIPANT: TG, male,was born in June 1998 in Nanjing, with no any abnormity when born.He grew in a good family environment,and learnt to say some words at 1 year old.But from then on,he said little by little,and till 3 years old,he almost said nothing everyday,and did not communicate with outside.In February 2001,TG was diagnosed as autism by Shenyang Children's Hospital.INTERVENTIONS:The comprehensive interventions were conducted for ten months. At the beginning and end of the research,methods of observation,comparison,investigation and interview with questionnaires were adopted to assess the self-concept of the child with autism.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The improvement of autistic child in self-concept after comprehensive intervention.RESULTS:There were significant improvements in the self-observation,self-assessment,and self-regulation compared with those before intervention.CONCLUSION:The self-concept of autistic child can be ameliorated by various rehabilitative trainings.