Elemental (As,Zn, Fe and Cu) analysis and health risk assessment of rice grains and rice based food products collected from markets from different cities of Gangetic basin,India |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB 24 3UU, Scotland, UK;2. Institute for Global Food Security, Queen''s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK;3. Department of Botany, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana;4. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China;5. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;6. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK;7. South China Agricultural University, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China;8. Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;9. Department of Zoology, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka;10. 37 Kingsway Court, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2LP, UK;11. Calcutta University, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata 700 019, West Bengal, India;12. Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh |
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| Abstract: | The present study measured arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations in grains of different rice varieties and rice based food products collected from various cities located in Gangetic basin in India. Total 44 rice samples were collected from local markets from different locations and analyzed for elemental concentrations by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed that the mean concentration of As, Zn, Cu and Fe were 0.15 ± 0.10, 117 ± 24, 4.6 ± 0.5 and 32.5 ± 5.7 μg g-1 dw, respectively in rice grains and 0.17 ± 0.09, 193 ± 241, 4.5 ± 1.0 and 45.7 ± 25 μg g-1 dw, respectively in rice based food products. The hazard quotient (HQ) of As was the lowest in Patna (2.4) and the highest in Kolkata (5.0) but it was always higher than threshold value of one. The carcinogenic risk of the As for rice grains was found to be higher (10-3) than safe range of 10-6-10-4 set by USEPA except Jabalpur. Daily consumption analyses also indicated that consumption of rice and rice products was not sufficient to fulfill daily requirement of Fe in most of the cities. The present results implicate that the consumption of rice and rice products may act as source of As on one hand and may not provide sufficient essential elements on the other. |
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| Keywords: | Carcinogenic risk Food analysis Food composition Hazard quotient Rice |
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