Analysis of sulfonamides,fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines,triphenylmethane dyes and other veterinary drug residues in cultured and wild seafood sold in Montreal,Canada |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada;2. Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada;1. Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Food Services, SGS Taiwan Ltd., Kaohsiung 81170, Taiwan, ROC;1. Monitoring Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources of Taihu Basin, China;2. School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China;3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China;4. School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computational Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India;1. Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Fisheries, Malatya, Turkey;2. East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey;1. Export Inspection Council, 3rd Floor – NDYMCA Cultural Centre Building, 1, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110 001, India;2. Export Inspection Agency-Kolkata (Laboratory), 101, Southend Conclave, 1582, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata 700 107, India;3. Export Inspection Agency-Mumbai, Pilot Test House, Laboratory, E-3, MIDC, Andheri (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India;4. Export Inspection Agency-Kolkata, World Trade Centre, 14/1B, Ezra Street, Kolkata 700001, India;1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Shunyi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101300, China |
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| Abstract: | Freshwater and marine seafood products purchased in Montreal, Canada, were screened for diverse veterinary drug residues including sulfonamides and potentiators, macrolides, lincosamides, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, amphenicols, quinolones and fluoroquinolones, one triphenylmethane dye and its leuco-metabolite, and tetracyclines. QuEChERS extraction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was validated in three model matrices (fatty fish, lean fish, and shrimp edible meat). Method detection limits were in the range of 0.002–3 μg/kg, and the accuracy of matrix-matched extracted calibrants was generally within acceptance criteria. The aquaculture or wild-caught samples of pangasius (basa), cod, salmon, sole, tilapia, trout, white shrimp and giant tiger prawn originated from Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam), and other regions worldwide. Overall, 38 % of the tested fish and shrimp samples had detectable residues of at least one veterinary drug or metabolite, and 25 % were not compliant to Canadian guidelines. Leucomalachite green was detected across various sample types (detection frequency: 13 %; maximum: 0.9 μg/kg). Other detected compounds (2–11 % of samples) included tetracycline (maximum: 36 μg/kg), 4-epi-oxytetracycline (18 μg/kg), oxytetracycline (13 μg/kg), metronidazole (13 μg/kg), sulfamethazine (4.8 μg/kg), sulfamethoxazole (4.2 μg/kg), trimethoprim (0.59 μg/kg), florfenicol (0.27 μg/kg), flumequine (0.21 μg/kg), enrofloxacin (1.6 μg/kg), and ofloxacin (0.52 μg/kg). |
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| Keywords: | Aquaculture fish Veterinary drugs Antimicrobial residues Food analysis Food composition Seafood MRL compliance Fluoroquinolones Leucomalachite green Nitroimidazoles Sulfamethoxazole |
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