Carotenoids,chlorophylls, vitamin E and amino acid profile in fruits of nineteen Chaenomeles cultivars |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Trace Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1, J. Bourchier Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria;2. Center of Competence “Clean technologies for sustainable environment – water, waste, energy for circular economy”, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria;1. Division of Forest Special Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;2. Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Division of Food Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;3. Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;4. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, the Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;1. Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;2. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science, Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;3. University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Institute of Life Technologies, Route du Rawyl 47, 1951 Sion, Switzerland;1. Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland;2. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 41 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed to identify and quantify carotenoids, chlorophylls, tocopherols, tocotrienols and the free amino acid profile of 19 fruit cultivars of Chaenomeles × superba, Chaenomeles japonica, and Chaenomeles speciosa. For this purpose ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) and fluorescence (FL) detector coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (QToF–ESI–MS) was used. Most of the Chaenomeles species and cultivars analyzed in this study have not been examined in this respect until now. Fruits contained 32.44–314.94 mg of carotenoids, 19.27–227.19 mg of chlorophylls, 5.51–37.58 mg of tocopherols, and 2.06–42.30 mg of tocotrienols per kg of dry weight (dw). Analysis of the amino acid profile revealed the presence of 10 amino acids, three of them essential (l-threonine, l-valine and l-isoleucine). The highest content of total amino acids was shown by C. × superba ˈJet Trailˈ (2326.33 mg/100 g dw). Among tested species, C. speciosa was characterized by the highest content of all analyzed compounds, except for chlorophylls, present in the highest concentration in C. × superba fruits. These results indicate that Chaenomeles fruits could be regarded as a promising source of bioactive functional food containing vitamins A and E and indispensable amino acids. |
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| Keywords: | Japanese quince Flowering quince Terpenoids Tocopherols Tocotrienols Vitamin A Retinol AQC PCA AHC |
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