A rapid method for simultaneous determination of nitrate,nitrite and thiocyanate in milk by CZE-UV using quaternary ammonium chitosan as electroosmotic flow inverter

This paper proposes a rapid method for the simultaneous determination of nitrate, nitrite and thiocyanate in different milk samples (cow, goat and soy) using capillary zone electrophoresis. The separations were conducted in a fused silica capillary dynamically coated with quaternary ammonium chitosan, with a total length of 48.5 cm (40 cm effective x 75 μm internal diameter) and direct detection in the UV region at 210 nm. The background electrolyte (BGE) was composed of 30 mmol L^?1 of aminocaproic acid and 24 mmol L¹ of perchloric acid (pH 3.85).A typical anodic electroosmotic flow of -31 × 10^-9 m² V^?1 s^?1 was observed at the pH of the separations. Bromate was used as the internal standard. The samples were injected by hydrodynamic pressure (50 mbar, 40 s) and the separation voltage was ?30 kV. The proposed method was validated and presented good linearity (R²> 0.99) in the linear range of 0.1–4.0 mg L^?1. The ranges of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.03-0.04 and 0.05–0.07 mg L^?1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision values were better than 4.2 and 8.7 %, respectively. Recovery values ranged from 85 to 104% for the different samples of milk. The proposed method was applied in 12 commercial samples with run times of less than 2 min. The good analytical performance indicates that the method proposed is a promising alternative for the determination of nitrate, thiocyanate and nitrite in milk samples.