Pathways to inflammation in adolescence through early adversity,childhood depressive symptoms,and body mass index: A prospective longitudinal study of Chilean infants |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States;2. Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;3. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;4. Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;5. Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States;1. Department of PsychologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOR 97403-1227USAmeaselle@uoregon.edu+1 541-346-4570;2. VA Portland Health Care SystemOregon Health & Science University3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd. Mail code R&D 16PortlandOR 97239USAloftisj@ohsu.edu503-220-8262, EXT. 57155;3. Department of PsychologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOR 97403-1227USAmbyrne@uoregon.edu+1 541 346-3936;1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland College Park, School of Public Health, College Park, United States;2. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, United States;3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, United States;4. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States;5. Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States;6. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States;7. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States;1. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, United States;2. Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, United States;3. Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, United States;4. Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States;1. Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida;2. Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas;3. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;4. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York;1. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA;4. Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA;5. UCI Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA;6. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Germany;1. Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States;1. Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;3. Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;4. Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA;5. Doctoral Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;6. Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Santiago, Chile |
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| Abstract: | Early adversity, depression, and obesity are associated with increases in low-grade inflammation. However, there are few prospective and longitudinal studies to elucidate how these associations unfold in children. The present study used latent growth curve models to examine pathways between family adversity in infancy, depressive symptoms in childhood, body mass index (BMI) in childhood, and inflammation in adolescence (age = 16–18). The study is an adolescent follow-up of infants from working-class communities around Santiago, Chile, who participated in a preventive trial of iron supplementation at 6 months of age. Anthropometrics, stressful life events, maternal depression, socioeconomic status, and developmental assessments were measured at 12 months, 5 years, 10 years, and adolescence. In adolescence, participants provided blood samples for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) assessment. Greater exposure to early adversity in the form of interpersonal conflict stress in infancy indirectly associated with increased hsCRP through its association to increased intercept and slope of childhood BMI. Depressive symptoms at any time were not directly or indirectly associated with increased hsCRP. These findings contribute to our understanding of how early family adversity and its associations with obesity and depressive symptoms across childhood are linked to low-grade, chronic inflammation in adolescence. The model identified as best capturing the data supported the pivotal role of childhood BMI in explaining how early-life adversity is associated with inflammation in adolescence. |
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| Keywords: | Inflammation Early adversity Psychosocial stress Financial stress Adolescence hsCRP BMI Depression Growth curve model |
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