Exposure to nickel through commercial premade baby foods: Is there any risk? |
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| Institution: | 1. Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici Napoli, Italy;2. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy;3. Environment and Primary Prevention Department, Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 299-00161 Rome, Italy;4. Veterinary Public Health Department, Foodborne Zoonoses Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299-00161, Rome, Italy;1. Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, bât. B43bis, 10 Avenue de Cureghem, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Food Sciences, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences & Technology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 P.O Box 2819, Jericho Cotonou, Benin;3. Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute - Applied Microbiology, Croix du Sud, 2 - L7.05.12, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;1. Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, 12311, Egypt;2. Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA), Giza, 12566, Egypt;1. Y?ld?z Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, 34220, ?stanbul, Turkey;2. Y?ld?z Technical University, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, 34220, ?stanbul, Turkey;1. Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey;2. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan;3. Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;4. Bulent Ecevit University, Department of Chemistry, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | A study was performed to evaluate the risk regarding the presence of nickel in commercial premade baby foods: 26 ready meals, 31 fruits, 8 deserts and 20 paps. The analytical methodology used for the determination of nickel was dry ashing followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Method detection limit (12.5 μg kg?1) was obtained through a matrix matched calibration curve, using a nickel free commercial ready meal (meat).The results showed that 78 (91.8 %) samples contained nickel, with values up to 225.7 μg kg?1. The group with the highest average concentration was the fruits (50.1 μg kg?1) followed by the ready meals (40.2 μg kg?1). Samples from organic farming presented higher detection frequency and average concentration (54.7 μg kg?1) than the others. Using the average results, the tolerable daily intake proposed by EFSA (2.8 μg kg?1 b.w.) was surpassed for the 2 year old age group, with daily ingestions up to 3.1 μg kg?1 b.w.. This results highlight the risk promoted by the nickel present in commercial premade baby food. |
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| Keywords: | Food processing Food composition Human nickel exposure Nickel daily intake |
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