小儿轮状病毒肠炎的临床特点

【目的】进一步了解小儿轮状病毒(RV)肠炎的临床特点。【方法】回顾性分析2001--2003年住院的RV肠炎患儿的年龄、发病日期、症状、水电解质和酸碱平衡、并发症及院内感染情况。同期住院的非RV肠炎作为对照，进行组间比较。【结果】小儿RV肠炎大多数发病于11月-次年2月，主要侵犯6～24m的婴幼儿。院内获得的RV肠炎占全部RV肠炎的24．8％。RV肠炎组水样或蛋花汤样便的发生率67．6％，为非RV肠炎组的1．7倍；呕吐的发生率80．7％，为非RV肠炎组的2．2倍；呕吐发生于腹泻前56．6％，为非RV肠炎组的3．9倍。三与对照组比较，差异都具有极显意义(P＜0．001)。两组比较，发病年龄、发热情况、呼吸道症状及水和电解质平衡紊乱的差异无显意义(P＞0．05)。【结论】RV肠炎构成本组小儿腹泻病的主要病因。院内感染是RV肠炎值得重视的感染途径。水样或蛋花汤样便、呕吐发生率高、特别是呕吐常发生于腹泻前是小儿RV肠炎的临床症状特点。

Clinical feature of rotavirus enteritis in children

ObjectiveTo understand the feature of children's rotavirus enteritis.254 hospitalized children with diarrhes were analyzed retrospectively from 2001 to 2003. The antigen of group A rotavirus was detected in 145 cases (RV group), and the antigen was not found in the other 109 cases (NRV group). The data was compared between the RV group and the NRV group.RV enteritis was the most common in winter months, and usually affected 6-20 month infant. 34 cases (24.8%) of the 145 RV enteritis were hospital acquired infection. Of the 145 RV infections, watery stool was seen in 98 cases (67.6%), vomiting in 117(80.7%), the vomiting that precedes the diarrhea was seen in 82(56.6%),which were significantly higher than that in NRV group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, fever, respiratory symptom, dehydration etc.[Conclusion]RV infection was the leading cause of diarrhea in infant. Nosocomial transmission was a noteworthy spread route. Watery stool, high incidence rate of vomiting, especially the vomiting preceding diarrhea were the symptomatic features of RV enteritis.