农村老年人养老需求及其影响因素的研究

目的了解农村老年人的养老需求并探讨其影响因素。方法 2014年7-9月,按照分层随机抽样法选择威海市文登区的297名农村老年人为研究对象,采用自制的一般情况问卷、养老需求问卷及简易认知状态问卷(short portable mental status questionnaire,SPMSQ)、日常生活功能量表(activity of daily living,ADL)、工具性日常生活功能量表(instrumental activity of daily living,IADL)、老年抑郁评定量表(15-item geriatric depression scale,GDS-15)、家庭功能评估表(family apgar index,APGAR)对其进行调查。结果 297名老年人的养老需求总分为(13.10±4.41)分,其中经济供养需求为(4.67±1.61)分、精神慰藉需求为(3.14±1.77)分、生活照料需求为(2.81±1.36)分、医疗保障需求为(2.47±1.10)分;多元线性逐步回归分析表明,养老需求总分及其4个维度的共同影响因素是经济状况、居住情况、家庭功能,抑郁程度、认知功能、自评健康状况、是否患有慢性病对老年人养老需求各维度的影响不尽相同。结论威海市文登区农村老年人养老需求总体较低,其中经济供养需求最高、医疗保障需求最低;家庭功能较差的独居贫困老年人养老需求高,身心健康状况是影响养老需求的重要因素,心理健康较身体健康的影响力更大。

Support Demand and Its Influencing Factors Among Rural Elderly People

Objective To understand the support demand and its influencing factors among rural elderly people.Methods By using stratified sampling method,297 elderly people from rural area were selected and investigated by using general scale,short portable mental status questionnaire (SPMSQ),activity of daily living (ADL),instrumental activity of daily living (IADL),15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS-15 ) and family Apgar index (APGAR).Results The total score of support demand was (13.10±4.41);the mean of subscale scores were (4.67±1.61),(3.14±1.77),(2.81±1.36)and(2.47±1.10)in economic sup-port demand,spiritual consolation demand,daily life care demand and medical security demand,respective-ly.The multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that the common influencing factors were economic conditions,living arrangement and family function.The depression,cognitive dysfunction,poor self-rating health status and whether the suffering of chronic diseases on the elderly demands of the various dimensions of the impact was not the same.Conclusions There are low old-age support demands generally among elders in Wendeng district of Weihai city.Economic support demand is the highest,and medical se-curity demand is the lowest.Old-age support demands are prominent among the poor elders who live alone and have family dysfunction.Physical and psychological health factors have significant effects on support demand,with the latter stronger.