Optimization of the use of a pharmaceutical grade xeno‐free medium for in vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells

Human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) are considered promising therapeutic agents in the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine, mainly due to their relative facility to be isolated, multi‐differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory role. However, their application in clinics requires a crucial step of in vitro expansion. Most of the protocols for hMSCs in vitro culture use foetal bovine serum as medium supplement that, being from animal origin, presents several safety concerns and may initiate xenogeneic immune responses after cells transplantation. This work reports the optimization of a pharmaceutical‐grade xeno‐free strategy for hMSCs in vitro expansion based on the supplementation of basal medium with a pharmaceutical‐grade human plasma‐derived supplement for cell culture (SCC) and 2 human growth factors (bFGF and TGFβ1), plus a coating of human plasma fibronectin (Fn). After 4 weeks in culture, this strategy improves hMSCs expansion yield about 4.3‐fold in comparison with foetal bovine serum supplementation and 4.5‐fold compared with a commercially available xeno‐free medium. hMSCs expanded in SCC‐based formulation maintained their phenotype and differentiation capacity into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, without alterations in cell karyotype. Overall, the SCC‐based medium appears to be an excellent alternative for the xeno‐free expansion of hMSCs as therapeutic agents for clinical applications.