The ethanol extraction of prepared Psoralea corylifolia induces apoptosis and autophagy and alteres genes expression assayed by cDNA microarray in human prostate cancer PC‐3 cells |
| |
| Authors: | Chia‐Hsin Lin Shinji Funayama Shu‐Fen Peng Chao‐Lin Kuo Jing‐Gung Chung |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Department of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University Saitama, Saitama, Japan;3. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;4. Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taiwan, Taichung;5. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan |
| |
| Abstract: | Prostate cancer is the most common male reproductive system cancer. The prevalence of prostate cancer in Europe and the United States is higher than that in the Asian region. However, the treatment of prostate cancer remains unsatisfactory. Psoralea corylifolia has been used to cure this disease as Chinese medicine in the Asian region. In this study, we analyzed the components of ethanol extraction of unprepared and prepared P. corylifolia by HPLC. Psoralen and isopsoralen content from the prepared P. corylifolia is twofold higher than that from unprepared, so we use the prepared extraction in this study. However, the effects of the ethanol extraction of P. corylifolia (PCE) on PC‐3 human prostate cancer cells remain unclear. PC‐3 cells were treated with PCE for different time periods and cells were examined for cell morphological change and total viable cells by using contrast phase microscopy and flow cytometer, respectively. Results indicated that PCE induced cell morphological changes and cytotoxic effect in PC‐3 cells in dose‐dependent manners. PCE induced chromatin condensation of PC‐3 cells dose‐dependently. PCE also induced apoptosis and autophagy in PC‐3 by western blotting and acridine orange (AO) staining, respectively. Furthermore, a complementary DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that PCE treatment led to 944 genes upregulation and 872 genes downregulation. For example, the DNA damage‐associated gene DNA‐damage‐inducible transcript 3 (DDIT 3) had a 62.1‐fold upregulation and CDK1 2.68‐fold downregulation. The differential genes were classified according to the Gene Ontology. Furthermore, GeneGo software was used for the key genes involved and their possible interaction pathways. Those genes were affected by P. corylifolia, which provided information for the understanding of the antiprostate cancer mechanism at the genetic level and provide additional targets for the treatments of human prostate cancer. |
| |
| Keywords: | apoptosis autophagy PC‐3 prostate cancer Psoralea corylifolia |
|
|
