Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy as phospholipids did not improve the incorporation of this fatty acid into rat fetal brain compared with the triglyceride form |
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| Institution: | 1. Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;2. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;3. Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;5. Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;6. Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Oulu, Finland;7. Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland;8. The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland;1. The Leeds Regional Paediatric CF Unit, The Leeds Children''s Hospital, LS2 9NS, UK;2. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah University Hospitals, Mt. Scopus, PO Box 24035, Jerusalem, 91240, Israel;1. Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;2. Department Pediatric Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;4. Department of Organization and Management in Health Care, Poznan, Poland;5. Lviv Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Lviv, Ukraine;6. Department of Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland;1. Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA;2. Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA;3. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;5. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China;6. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, USA;7. Department of Neurology, University of Nanjing School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supply is important to ensure an adequate infant neurodevelopment. Several fat supplements with DHA under different chemical structures are available. There is an increased placental phospholipase activity at the end of pregnancy. The hypothesis of this study was to discern whether DHA consumption during pregnancy as phospholipids (PLs) could be more available for placental DHA uptake and fetal accretion than triglycerides (TGs) form. We aimed to evaluate maternofetal DHA status in pregnant rats fed with DHA as PL from egg yolk or TG from algae oil to determine which source might be most effective during pregnancy. Three experimental diets were tested: 2.5% DHA-TG (n = 10), 2.5% DHA-PL (n = 9), and 9% DHA-PL (n = 9). The total PL content of these diets was 2%, 12%, and 38%, respectively. We determined dietary fat absorption and quantified fatty acids by gas chromatography in maternal and fetal tissues. Dietary PL enhanced significantly dietary fat absorption. However, animals fed the highest PL-content diet (38% PL and 9% DHA-PL) stored most of the absorbed fat in maternal liver, promoting hepatic steatosis, which was not observed in the lower PL-content diets (12% and 2%). Despite higher fat absorption of PL-containing diets, maternal and fetal tissues (including fetal brain) did not show major differences in DHA content between the 2.5% DHA-PL and 2.5% DHA-TG–fed groups. We conclude that the chemical form of DHA consumed by the rat during gestation (PL or TG) does not differentially affect DHA accretion into fetal brain, and both lipid sources can be equally used for maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy. |
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