Recent advances in DNA vaccine of hepatitis virus

Nucleic acid vaccine or DNA vaccine is a hopeful vaccine to prevent and treat viral hepatitis. Problems exist in different DNA vaccines for HBV or HCV. Optimal animal model should be established study vaccine against hepatitis. Apart from the strategy to enhance the efficiency of DNA vaccine, combined use of cytokines or chemokines, different routes of inoculation, design of optimal vector, ISS insertion in the plasmid vectors, etc to enhance the efficiency of DNA vaccine are reviewed.