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Development and validation of a new clinical staging system to predict survival for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients: Application of the nomogram
Institution:1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China;2. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;3. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210012, China;4. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;1. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;2. Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea;3. Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine. Seoul, South Korea;4. Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea;5. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;6. Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea;7. Division of Public Healthcare Policy, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea;8. Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;9. Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea;10. Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;1. Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland;2. Bürgerspital Solothurn, Department of Surgery, Solothurn, Switzerland;3. Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland;4. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Basel, Switzerland;1. Dept. of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Germany;2. National Center for Pleura and Peritoneum (NCPP.), Germany;3. Capnomed GmbH, Albring 81, 78658, Zimmern o.R., Germany;1. Institute of Neuroscience, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA, USA;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;4. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Abstract:IntroductionSurvival of patients with the same clinical stage varies widely and effective tools to evaluate the prognosis utilizing clinical staging information is lacking. This study aimed to develop a clinical nomogram for predicting survival of patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC).Materials and methodsOn the basis of data extracted from the SEER database (training cohort, n = 3375), we identified and integrated significant prognostic factors for nomogram development and internal validation. The model was then subjected to external validation with a separate dataset obtained from Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (validation cohort, n = 1187). The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by concordance index (C-index), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and calibration curves. And risk group stratification was performed basing on the nomogram scores.ResultsOn multivariable analysis of the training cohort, seven independent prognostic factors were identified and included into the nomogram. Calibration curves presented good consistency between the nomogram prediction and actual observation for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. The AIC value of the nomogram was lower than that of the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM (AJCC) staging system, whereas the C-index of the nomogram was significantly higher than that of the AJCC staging system. The risk groups stratified by CART allowed significant distinction between survival curves within respective clinical TNM categories.ConclusionsThe risk stratification system presented better discriminative ability for survival prediction than current clinical staging system and might help clinicians in decision making.
Keywords:Esophagus diseases  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)  Cancer staging  ESCC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0030"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma  AIC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Akaike information criterion  C-index"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"concordance index  AJCC TNM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"American Joint Committee Tumor-Node-Metastasis  EAC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Esophageal Adenocarcioma  SEER"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Surveillance  Epidemiology"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0090"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"and End Results  CRT"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0100"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"chemoradiotherapy  RT"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0110"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"radiation therapy
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