2017-2018年北京市初中学生近视现状及影响因素的研究

目的分析2017-2018年北京市初中生近视现状及相关影响因素,为开展学生近视防控工作提供科学依据。方法于2017-09/2018-05采用多级抽样法抽取北京市初中一年级学生1 405人,对研究对象进行问卷调查和眼科检查,应用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行多元Logistic回归分析,探讨近视的影响因素。结果北京市初一年级学生近视患病率为68.89%。多元Logistic回归分析显示,父母一方近视(OR=1.879)、父母双方近视(OR=3.245)、使用手机或其他电子设备距离<1尺(OR=1.310)、近距离用眼主动休息频率>30 min且≤60 min(OR=1.544)、近距离用眼主动休息频率>60 min(OR=1.527)、无法保证每天做眼保健操(OR=1.633)、每周户外活动时间≥4.17 h且<6.67小时(OR=1.740)、每周户外活动时间<4.17 h(OR=5.070)是北京市初中学生近视的危险因素。结论北京市初中学生患近视与遗传因素及用眼行为因素密切相关。

The Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Myopia Among Junior Middle School Students in Beijing From 2017 To 2018

Objective To analyze the current situation of myopia in junior high school students in Beijing and the related influencing factors so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia in students. Methods In 2017 September/2018 May, 1 405 students in the first year of junior high school in Beijing were selected using a multilevel sampling method.Questionnaire survey and ophthalmic examination were conducted on the participants. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of myopia by SPSS19.0 statistical software. Results The prevalence rate of myopia was 68.89% in seventh grade students in Beijing. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that one parent myopia(OR=1.879),and both parents myopia(OR=3.245),the use distance of mobile phones or other electronic equipment<1 chi(OR=1.310),the active rest frequency of near work >30 minutes and ≤60 minutes(OR=1.544),the active rest frequency of near work >60 minutes(OR=1.527),cannot guarantee to do eye exercises every day(OR=1.633),outdoor activity time ≥4.17 hours and <6.67 hours per week(OR=1.740), outdoor activity time <4.17 hours per week(OR=5.070) are the risk factors for myopia in Beijing junior middle school students. Conclusion Myopia in Beijing middle school students is closely related to genetic factors and eye behavior factors.