胎盘微生态与早产的研究进展

保持孕妇体内微生态系统的动态平衡对保护母婴健康至关重要。胎盘是胎儿与母体之间进行物质交换的重要器官,长期以来均被认为是无菌的。然而,最新的多重组织学和高通量测序研究结果显示,即使在没有感染的情况下,胎盘和胎膜可能也不是无菌的,相反胎盘有着不同于其他器官系统的、丰富的微生物群。据有关报道显示,胎盘上的微生物会直接影响胎儿的健康,可能会导致胎儿早产甚至流产。世界卫生组织估计,每年约有1 500万名婴儿早产,早产是导致婴幼儿患病和死亡的主要原因,严重威胁孕妇和胎儿健康。文章就胎盘微生态与早产的研究进展进行综述,旨在为临床早期胎盘微生态的监测和早产的预防提供参考依据。

Study Process of Placental Microecology and Preterm Birth

As a special group of pregnant women,maintaining the dynamic balance of their internal micro-ecosystem is essential for the protection of maternal and infant health.The placenta,an important organ for material exchange between the fetus and the mother,has been considered sterile in long term.However,recent reports from multiple histology and high-throughput sequencing studies suggest that the placenta and fetal membranes may not be sterile even in the absence of infection,but instead the placenta has its own unique and abundant microbiota,which differs from that of other organ systems.Studies have reported that these microorganisms on the placenta can directly affect the health of the fetus and may even cause premature birth or even miscarriage.The World Health Organization estimates that about 15 million babies are born prematurely each year,and preterm birth is the leading cause of infant and child illness and death,thus posing a great threat to maternal and fetal health.It reviews the research progress on placental microecology and preterm birth,aiming to provide a reference for early clinical monitoring of placental microecology and prevention of preterm birth.