饮食对仓鼠胆石形成及溶解的实验研究

本实验采用高精制糖和高动物脂肪饲料诱使幼年仓鼠形成胆固醇石(Ch S),低蛋白饲料诱使成年仓鼠形成胆色素石(P S)。4周后两组成石率分别为81.56%和89.77%。恢复正常饲料8周后,两组动物所形成的胆石均明显减少,部分动物中胆石完全消失。成石期Ch S组动物胆汁呈胆固醇过饱和,P S组胆汁中未结合胆红素显著增加;两组胆汁诸胆汁酸普遍减少。溶石期末两组仓鼠胆汁成分又趋正常。结果提示,饮食与胆石形成及其类型和所形成胆石的重新溶解有密切关系。

The Relationship between Diet and Gallstones in Hamsters

The present study aimed at the induction of cholesterol stones (Ch S) in young hamsters with a diet rich in refined carbohydrate and animl fat, and of pigment stones (P S) in adult hamsters with a low protein diet. After four weeks of feeding according to the above-mentioned protocol, the rate of gallstone formation in the Ch S and PS groups was 81.56% and 89.77% respectively, while in the control groups was 20% and 40% (P>0.001). Eight weeks after switching back to normal diet, the gallstones in both experimental groups decreased significantly in number and in some animals completely disappeared. The ratio of cholesterol/bilirubin stones of tne Ch S group was three times the control group, and the ratio of the PS group was 47% of the control. During the period of stone formation the bile of the Ch S group was supersaturated with cholesterol, while unconjugated bilirubin increased significantly in the bile of the P S group. There was a general decline in bile acids in the bile of both groups. During the later period of stone dissolution, the bile components of both lithogenic groups tended to become normal, but glycocholic acid alone increased greatly. The result suggests that the type of diet is closely related to the formation and dissolution of gallstones. It was also demonstrated that the lithogenic tendency of the bile could be reversed in the early stage of stone formation.