学龄前儿童饮食行为量表的编制与评价

【目的】 编制学龄前儿童饮食行为评价量表,为我国儿童饮食行为评价和相关研究提供基本工具。 【方法】 广泛查阅国内、外有关文献形成152问题的条目库,结合5名儿科临床和25名儿童家长意见,经2次测试和分析后形成“学龄前儿童饮食行为试用问卷”。通过对325名学龄前儿童的调查,采用因子分析和条目分析方法对试用问卷的条目进行了筛选,最终形成了包括56个条目的学龄前儿童饮食行为评价量表。在西安市5所幼儿园随机抽取603名3~6岁儿童家长进行调查,采用因子分析、相关分析等对量表的信度、效度、反应度进行检验。 【结果】 量表由56个条目组成,包括不良进食习惯、偏食、食物喜好、情绪性进食、过饱响应、食物响应、外因性进食、主动进食8个维度,累计方差贡献率达50.9%;验证性因子分析各指标均达到统计学要求。量表Cronbach's α系数为0.92,分半信度系数为0.86,重测信度系数为0.72。不良进食习惯、挑食、情绪性进食、过饱响应和食物响应5个维度得分在不同体重组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不良进食习惯、挑食、食物喜好、外因性进食4个维度得分在不同文化程度家长间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 【结论】 学龄前儿童饮食行为量表具有良好信度和效度,8个维度能较为全面地反映学龄前儿童饮食行为特点。

Development and Evaluation of Preschooler's Eating Behaviour Scale.

【Objective】 To develop a Preschooler’s Eating Behaviour Scale,which is used to assess Chinese children’s eating behaviour and do some other related research.【Methods】 Preliminary questionnaire of preschooler’s eating behaviour derived based on the existing literature on eating behaviour in children,and recommendation of some children’s parents,pediatrician,and was tested and analyzed repeated.The number of items was successively culled through analysis of responses from 325 parents of 3~6 years children in Xi’an.Factor analysis and pearson correlation analysis were used for developing and evaluating the structure of the scales,reliability,validity,responsibility were evaluated based on the survey of 603 preschooler from 5 kindergartens in Xi’an.【Results】 Preschooler’s Eating Behaviour Scale consisted of 56 items.They included worse eating habit,ill-balanced eating,emotional eating,food preference,satiety responsiveness,food responsivenness,external factor eating and initiative eating explained 50.9% of variance.Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.92,Guttman split-half reliability was 0.86,test-retest reliability was 0.72.The score of worse eating habit,ill-balanced eating,emotional eating,satiety responsiveness,food reponsiveness revealed significant differences among normal-weight,overweight and obese preschoolers(P<0.05).The score of worse eating habit,ill-balanced eating,food preference,external factor eating revealed significant differences among parental education levels(P<0.05).【Conclusions】 Reliability and validity of Preschooler’s Eating Behaviour Scale are all satisfied and entirely accord with psychometric demand.The scale can completely reflect characteristic and problems of preschooler’s eating behaviours.