早产儿与足月儿精细运动发育差异及影响因素的研究

【目的】 了解早产儿与足月儿精细运动发育水平的差异及其影响因素。 【方法】 采用Peabody运动发育量表第2版(Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2,PDMS-2)对215例婴儿(早产儿97例、足月儿118例)进行精细运动发育水平测试,并对结果精细运动发育商(fine motor quotient,FMQ)进行统计分析。 【结果】 1)早产儿FMQ显著小于足月儿FMQ(t＝5.142,P＜0.05);2)精细运动的抓握标准分低于视觉运动整合标准分(d＝1.00±1.24,t＝11.881,P＜0.05);3)FMQ受到胎龄、出生体重、进食能力训练、身高、体重多方面因素的影响。 【结论】 早产儿精细运动发育落后于足月儿,且抓握能力发育较视觉运动整合能力发育落后;孕期加强保健延长胎龄和增加出生体重、生后有意识通过进食能力训练加强动手能力的提高、保持适宜的生长发育对精细运动的发育极其重要。

Study on differences and influencing factors about the fine motor development between preterm and term infants

Objective] To investigate the differences and influencing factors about the fine motor development between preterm and full term infants. Method] 215 infants (including 97 preterm infants and 118 full term infants) were evaluated by the second edition of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2),and the fine motor quotient (FMQ) was analyzed by SPSS. Results] 1) The FMQ of preterm was significantly less than FMQ of term infants (t=5.142,P<0.05);2)The standard scores of grasping were less than visual motor integration.The difference was statistically significant(d=-1.00±1.24,t=-11.881,P<0.05);3)FMQ was influenced by gestation age(GA),birth weight(BW),feeding-skills training,height and weight. Conclusions] The preterm infants were slower than the term infants on fine motor development during the infant period,and the development of grasping fall behind the visual motor integration;Also,prolonging the GA and increasing the BW by enhancing the health care during gestation,enhancing the skills of hands by feeding-skills training consciously after birth,and maintaining appropriate growth are significantly important to fine motor development.