昭通市2000～2003年法定报告传染病疫情综合分析

目的　掌握昭通市传染病的流行特征,以更好地制定控制规划。方法　对昭通市每年度传染病疫情资料进行综合分析、描述。结果　昭通市2 0 0 0～2 0 0 3年传染病年均发病率2 4 9 97/ 10万,发病率居前五位的疾病是痢疾、肺结核、病毒性肝炎、麻疹和疟疾,占90 .79%。流行特征为发病高峰季节为6月份;年龄以15岁以下儿童和青壮年为主;职业以散居儿童、农民和学生为主,分别占4 0 .2 1%、30 .2 7%和17.5 8% ;病种以肠道和呼吸道传染病为主,分别占4 2 .31%和4 4 .91% ;流动人口传染病发病(占总的4 .4 6 % )和突发公共卫生事件报告呈逐年上升趋势。讨论　昭通市2 0 0 0～2 0 0 3年传染病年均发病率与前五年相比基本持平,且主导昭通市的主要传染病病种近八年来没有发生根本性改变而得到有效控制,肠道等传染病防治工作重点仍在广大农村;流动人口传染病发病不能忽视,应采取切实有效的措施控制流动人口传染病的发病;加强疫情监测、预测及报告,及时有效处置突发事件.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Epidemic Situation of Notifiable Communicable Diseases from 2000 through 2003 in the City of Zhaotong

Objective The present analysis was conducted to understand the epidemic characteristics of notifiable diseases in the city of Zhaotong for the formulation of a better control program.Methods Comprehensive analysis was conducted on the annual data of notifiable diseases from 2000 to 2003. Results It was found that the average annual incidence of notifiable diseases from 2000 to 2003 in the city of Zhaotong was 249 97/10 000. The top five diseases in terms of incidence in descending order were dysentery, pulmonary tuberculosis, virus hepatitis, measles and malaria, all of which accounting for 90.79%, with the peak season in June. Children under 15 years old and young adults were affected most, with scattered children, peasants and students as the main infected population, constituting 40 21%, 30.27% and 17.58% respectively. Enteric and respiratory infectious diseases prevailed, accounting for 42.31% and 44.91% respectively. Infectious diseases among nomadic populations(4.46% of the total) and reports on public health emergencies increased year by year.Conclusion The average annual incidence of communicable diseases from 2000 to 2003 in Zhaotong city were roughly the same as that in the previous five years and there has not been a radical change in the main communicable diseases dominating the city of Zhaotong and the control of the diseases has not been satisfying. Priorities should still be put to the prevention and management of enteric communicable diseases in rural areas. Effective measures should be taken to control communicable diseases among nomadic populations. Epidemic surveillance, prediction and reports should be strengthened to manage public health emergencies in time.