兔面神经爆炸性损伤的病理学变化

目的　研究兔面神经爆炸伤的损伤情况及相关病理变化。方法　选用点状爆炸源 ,距新西兰白兔面部 2mm处引爆致伤。分别于伤后 6小时、1天、3天、1周、2周取面神经 ,在光镜、电镜下观察神经轴突、髓鞘、雪旺细胞及神经纤维周围结缔组织的变化。结果　 0 .12 5gTNT当量炸药球距兔左面部 2mm处引爆 ,致兔面部软组织挫裂伤、下颌骨粉碎性骨折。伤后动物出现面瘫症状 ,但面神经连续性较好。伤后 1天光镜下观察 ,面神经轴突肿胀 ,但神经外膜延续性尚好 ,并有大量炎细胞弥散浸润。伤后 3天出现髓鞘空泡样变 ,板层分离 ,轴索发生广泛肿胀、断裂。伤后 1周轴索染色不均 ,坏死崩解 ,炎症开始消退。伤后 2周时未见明显轴索再生。结论　面神经爆炸伤以严重的神经干间接伤为主 ,其范围广泛 ,轴索及髓鞘出现相应病理改变 ,伤后 1周内神经损伤随时间加重

Pathology of the facial nerves after maxillofacial blast injury in rabbit

Obejective To study the injury process and the related pathology of facial nerves under the condition of explosion.?Methods The impact wave was simulated by exploding little dynamite balls on left faces of 20 rabbits. After 6 hours,1 day,3 days,7days,15days,we observed the rabbit's facial nerves to study histopathological changes at various time.?Results Exploding 0.125g TNT quantum dynamite ball 2mm away from rabbit's left face can lead to facial nerve paralysis while the nerve is still continuous. One day later, the facial nerve was found to be broken widely, but the neurilemma is still continuous. There were lots of inflammatory cells in the area of nerve injury. After 3 days, nerve fibers swelled and broke off. One week later, the inflammation began to scatter.?Conclusion The major pathology in the wounds of facial nerves by blast is severe indirect injury in nerve trunks. The influenced area is wide,and regeneration of nerve is not seen in two weeks.