体检者体检过程中静脉采血晕针的相关因素及其预防对策研究

目的 探讨体检者（学生）体检中静脉采血晕针的相关因素及其预防对策.方法 将2012年1月～2012年11月于浙江省宁波市第一医院门诊采血发生晕针的60例学生患者作为晕针组,选取同期每周一门诊采集的生化血液标本的学生患者共计62例作为对照组.分别采用检验及多元Logistic回归分析的方法,将两组年龄、性别、直立性低血压史、空腹与否、心脏病史、采血时体位、童年注射恐惧经历以及采血时出现的不良情绪等因素进行比较.结果 单因素分析表明学生的年龄、童年注射恐惧经历以及采血时出现的不良情绪等与晕针现象有关（P＜0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析表明采血时出现不良情绪（β=0.929,S.E.=0.301,Wald=12.382,P＜0.05,OR=2.32）为学生晕针出现的独立预测因素.晕针组有44例采用抱头扶持法进行再次采血,均取得成功,无晕针现象出现,晕针有效预防率为100％.结论 学生采血时出现晕针现象同不良情绪呈显著相关性,而抱头扶持法能够有效地预防学生采血时晕针的发生,值得在实际过程中加以推广并应用.

Research on physical examination by physical examination process venous blood collection fainting related factors and preventive countermeasures

Objective To investigate the factors and preventive measures of the subjects （students） examination in vein blood fainting. Methods 60 cases of students in the First Hospital of Ningbo city in Zhejiang Province during January 2012 to November 2012 were as the halo acupuncture group, and the 62 patients outpatient the biochemical blood specimens during the same period were collected as the control group. And test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis method were used, and age, sex, history of orthostatic hypotension, fasting or not, history of heart disease, blood sampling position, childhood injection fear experienced when blood negative emotions and other factors of the two groups were compared. Results Univariate analysis showed that the age of the students, childhood injected fear experienced when blood negative emotions had a relationship with the phenomenon of fainting （P 〈 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that negative emotions when blood appeared for students fainting independent pre- dictors （β=0.929, S.E.=0.301, Wald=12.382, P 〈 0.05, OR = 2.32）. 44 cases of fainting patients were collected the blood once again by using their head to support the law and they were successful, no fainting phenomenon, effective preven- tion of fainting was 100%. Conclusions Students when blood of fainting phenomenon show a significant correlation with the negative emotions, and using the head to support the law can be effective in preventing the students when blood fainting occurred, and it deserves to be promoted in the actual process and application.