对1000例初治活动性肺结核诊断方式的探讨

目的由初治活动性肺结核住院患者的资料，分析诊断肺结核的方式。方法采取回顾性分析法，将1000例患者资料输入计算机，统计分析其临床症状、体征及相关实验室检查，得到肺结核病的诊断方式。结果因症就诊患者占95．9％，咳嗽和咳痰77．7％（777例），发热50．8％（508例）。实验室中纯化蛋白衍生物皮试强阳性率51．5％（51／99），血清抗结核抗体阳性率61．5％（474／771），痰抗酸杆菌涂片阳性率48．8％（488例），痰结核菌培养阳性率占送检病例的57．9％（135／233）。诊断方式：实验室菌阳诊断率49．4％（494例）；菌阴肺结核临床综合诊断率50．6％（506例），其中纯化蛋白衍生物皮试或血清结核抗体阳性占综合诊断的51．6％（261／506），实验室各项检测结果均阴性者占综合诊断的48．4％（245／506）。结论在我国因症就诊是发现肺结核的主要方式。对咳嗽≥2周的患者，应常规排查肺结核。肺结核痰检发现率低，菌阴肺结核的综合诊断目前仍占有重要地位。

Case finding and diagnosis for active pulmonary tuberculosis with primary treatment:an analysis of 1000 inpatients

Objective To study the modes of case finding and diagnosis for inpatients of active pulmonary tuberculosis with primary treatment.Methods Data of 1000 inpatients with active pulmonary tuberculosis input into a computer were analyzed retrospectively.including clinical symptoms,signs and relevant laboratory examinations.to evaluate their diagnostic value.Results Among 1000 active tuberculosis case8 hospitalized with symptoms and signs,95.9 percent suffered by cough,77.7 percent by expectoration and 50.8 percent (n=508) by fever,and 51.5 percent (n=777) with strong positive purified protein defivative (PPD) skin test,61.5 percent with positive serum anti-tuberculosis antibody,48.8 percent with positive acid-fast staining on sputum smear and 57.9 percent with positive sputum bacteriologle culture.And,49.4 percent of the patients were diagnosed by laboratory positive sputum,and 50.6 percent of those with negative sputum were diagnosed by comprehensively clinical considerations,ineluding 51.6 percent positive PPD skin teat, or positive serum anti-tubereulosis antibody,but 48.4 percent of them were all negative in varied laboratory examinations.Conclusions Hospital visit due to symptom is the main method for tuberculosis finding in our country.All those with Cough for two or more weeks should be screened by routine examinations for excluding tuberculosis.Case finding rate Was low by sputum examinations.so comprehensive diagnosis is still important for those tuberculosis patients with negative sputum.