北京市顺义区2005年麻疹流行病学特征分析

目的]了解北京市顺义区2005年麻疹流行病学特征,为今后麻疹防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法]根据北京市常规传染病报告系统和麻疹流行病学个案调查表,对顺义区2005年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果]麻疹发病以流动人口为高,地区分布表现为本市人口以城区居多,流动人口以近郊外来人口聚集地为主;全年各月均有发病,存在3～5月份发病高峰;本市人口发病以﹤1岁年龄组为主,﹤8月龄儿童占较大比例,还存在1个成人发病小高峰;流动人口发病以0～9岁为主,﹤8月龄儿童也占有一定比例,各年龄组发病均较多,相对于本市人口,流动人口的发病特征更接近于自然感染。结论]加强流动人口管理,消除流动人口中的免疫空白,提高流动儿童免疫接种率,是消除麻疹的重要措施。同时可考虑定6月龄为麻疹免疫的初免月龄,给育龄妇女生育前进行麻疹疫苗加强免疫,以减少小月龄发病。

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MEASLES IN SHUNYI DISTRICT OF BEIJING IN 2005

Objective] To analyze the epidemiological feature of measles in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2005, then to provide scientific basis for the preventive strategy and measures. Methods] The data from routine reporting system for infectious disease and epidemiological case investigation of measles were analyzed. Results ] The measles incidence for floating population was higher than the native. Among the native cases, most were urban cases. As to the floating population, most cases were on the outskirts. Measles occurred in every month of the year, and the climax was from March to May. Among the native population, there was the highest incidence among the children aged below 1, compared with a high incidence among children aged below 9 years old in the floating population. The epidemic character for floating population resembles natural infection. Conclusions] To strengthen the management of floating population, eliminate blank immunization and increase immunization coverage rate of children are important measures to eliminate measles. And it is suggested that considering six months as the age of primary immunication of measles vaccine and giving pregnant women reinforce immunization befor delivery to decrease the morbidity of infants.