全国流感监测方案(2010年版)

  目的  了解辽宁省2014 — 2017监测年度流感流行特征及变化趋势，为流感的预防控制提供参考依据。  方法  对从中国流感监测信息系统收集的辽宁省2014 — 2017年的流感样病例（ILI）监测数据及ILI暴发疫情数据进行统计学分析。  结果  辽宁省2014 — 2017年哨点医院共报告ILI病例573 768例，所在门急诊就诊病例16 034 584例，ILI病例占门急诊就诊病例的3.58 %；3个监测年度报告的ILI %分别为3.99 %、3.33 %、3.48 %。ILI以 < 15岁人群患病为主，为490 206例，占全部ILI病例的85.44 %，其中0～4岁儿童所占比例最大（59.68 %）。3年的平均分离阳性率分别为6.86 %、6.85 %、6.28 %，每一年度优势毒株不同，优势株交替频繁，分别为H3N2型、By型、Bv型和甲型H1N1型。3个监测年度报告的暴发疫情分别为7起、3起、4起，暴发疫情多报告于冬春季（12起）；主要发生在中小学（11起）。  结论  辽宁省流感仍为冬春季单一年度高峰模式，流感病毒多混合流行，优势毒株交替频繁；应加强对学校暴发疫情监测，并及时分析病毒的抗原性和基因特性变异情况。

Estimates of US influenza-associated deaths made using four different methods

  Objective  To examine prevalence characteristics and variation trend of influenza in Liaoning province between surveillance years of 2014 and 2017 and to provide references to influenza prevention and control.  Methods  We collected data on incidence and outbreak of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases reported in Liaoning province from 14th week of 2014 to 13th week of 2017 from China Influenza Surveillance Information System and conducted statistical analyses.  Results  The reported ILI cases accounted totally for 3.58% of all outpatient clinic visits (573 768 out of 16 034 584) during the period, with the yearly proportion of 3.39%, 3.33% and 3.48%. The reported ILI cases were mainly the people (n = 490 206) under the age of 15 years, accounting for 85.44% of all ILI cases, of which 59.68% were small children aged 0 – 4 years. During the 3-year period, the yearly positive rate of influenza virus isolation were 6.86%, 6.85%, and 6.28%, with the dominant strain of H3N2, By, Bv, and HIN1, respectively. There were 7, 3 and 4 outbreaks reported in each year of the period. The reported influenza outbreaks occurred mainly in winter (12 outbreaks) and in primary and secondary schools (11 outbreaks).  Conclusion  The influenza epidemics were prevalent in a single annual peak pattern in winter and spring in Liaoning province between surveillance years of 2014 and 2017, with multiple and alternated dominant virus strains. The results suggest that timely surveillance on school outbreak and on the variation of antigenicity and genetic characteristics of the virus should be enhanced.