河北阜城县城乡中老年前列腺疾病认知及诊治情况调查

目的 了解贵州省黔南地区农村居民前列腺疾病患病现状及其危险因素，为采取相应的干预措施提供参考依据。 方法 于2016年10月 — 2018年9月，采用整群随机抽样方法抽取黔南地区99 887名 ≥ 30岁农村常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、直肠指检、实验室检查、经直肠超声检查、X线检查及穿刺活检，采用SAS 9.1软件进行统计学分析。 结果 贵州省黔南地区农村居民前列腺疾病患病49 367例，患病率为49.42 %，标化患病率为49.27 %。49 367例前列腺疾病患者中，前列腺增生18 387例（37.25 %），前列腺钙化灶10 862例（22.00 %），前列腺炎8 817例（17.86 %），前列腺结石5 598例（11.34 %），前列腺囊肿3 261例（6.61 %），其他前列腺疾病2 442例（4.95 %）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄50～89岁、消瘦（OR = 2.018，95 % CI = 1.105～3.079）、超重（OR = 3.455，95 % CI = 1.207～4.261）和肥胖（OR = 4.026，95 % CI = 1.235～5.179）、喜辛辣食物（OR = 3.091，95 % CI = 1.121～4.329）、长期睡眠不足（OR = 3.137，95 % CI = 1.129～4.258）、长期手淫（OR = 3.732，95 % CI = 1.258～4.766）、长期骑马（OR = 3.187，95 % CI = 1.215～3.692）、长期骑自行车（OR = 3.225，95 % CI = 1.197～3.982）、长期便秘（OR = 3.104，95 % CI = 1.186～4.021）、长期憋尿（OR = 3.114，95 % CI = 1.201～4.425）、每日饮水量 < 1 L（OR = 3.538，95 % CI = 1.117～4.682）、长期久坐不动（OR = 3.883，95 % CI = 1.227～4.687）、高血压（OR = 2.856，95 % CI = 1.139～5.191）、高血脂（OR = 3.269，95 % CI = 1.212～4.968）、糖尿病（OR = 3.706，95 % CI = 1.325～4.857）和长期焦虑（OR = 3.316，95 % CI = 1.156～4.736）是贵州省黔南地区农村少数民族居民前列腺疾病患病的危险因素；规律性生活（OR = 0.456，95 % CI = 0.209～0.798）、不吸烟（OR = 0.765，95 % CI = 0.237～0.983）、不饮酒（OR = 0.815，95 % CI = 0.211～0.899）是贵州省黔南地区农村少数民族居民前列腺疾病患病的保护因素。 结论 贵州省黔南地区农村少数民族居民前列腺疾病患病率低于国内其他地区水平。

The prevalence and risk factors of functional dyspepsia in a multiethnic population in the United States

Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of prostate diseases among residents in rural regions of southern Guizhou province to provide references for developing intervention mearusres. Methods Using cluster random sampling, we selected 99 887 residents aged ≥30 years in 400 villages across Qiannan Bouyi and Miao Autonomous Region (Qiannan); then we conducted a questionnaire survey, physical examination, digital rectal examination, laboratory test, transrectal ultrasonography, X-ray examination, and biopsy beween October 2016 and September 2018. We used SAS 9. 1 in data analyses. Results Totally 49 367 prostate disease cases were diagnosed among all the residents, with a crude and standardized prevalence rate of 49.42% and 49.27%. More than one third (37.25%, n = 18 387) of the prostate diseases were benign prostate hyperplasia, followed by calcification of prostate (22.00%, 10 862), hypertrophy of prostatitis (17.86%, 8 817), prostatolith (11.34%, 5 598), cyst of prostate (6.61%, 3 261), and other types of prostate diseases (4.95%, 2 442). The results of multivariate unconditioned logistic regression revealed following risk factor for prostate diseases: age 50 − 89 years, emaciation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.018, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.105 − 3.079), overweight (OR = 3.455, 95% CI: 1.207 − 4.261), obesity (OR = 4.026, 95% CI: 1.235 − 5.179), preference for spicy food (OR = 3.091, 95% CI: 1.121 − 4.329), long-term insufficient sleep (OR = 3.137, 95% CI = 1.129 − 4.258), long-term frequent masturbation (OR = 3.732, 95% CI: 1.258 − 4.766), long-term horse riding (OR = 3.187, 95% CI: 1.215 − 3.692), long-term bicycling (OR = 3.225, 95% CI: 1.197 − 3.982), chronic constipation (OR = 3.104, 95% CI: 1.186 − 4.021), frequent holding back urine (OR = 3.114, 95% CI: 1.201 − 4.425), daily water intake of < 1 liter (OR = 3.538, 95% CI: 1.117 − 4.682), long-term sedentary behavior (OR = 3.883, 95% CI: 1.227 − 4.687), hypertension (OR = 2.856, 95% CI: 1.139 − 5.191), hyperlipemia (OR = 3.269, 95% CI: 1.212 – 4.968), diabetes (OR = 3.706, 95% CI: 1.325 – 4.857), and chronic anxiety (OR = 3.316, 95% CI: 1.156 − 4.736); while, the analysis indicated that regular sexual life (OR = 0.456, 95% CI = 0.209 − 0.798), not smoking (OR = 0.765, 95% CI: 0.237 − 0.983), and not drinking alcohol (OR = 0.815, 95% CI: 0.211 − 0.899) were protective factors against prostate diseases among the residents. Conclusion The prevalence of prostate diseases is lower than that of national level among of rural residents in Qiannan region with minority populations in Guizhou province.