北京市某垃圾焚烧厂周边大气二噁英污染特征及暴露风险

  目的   基于北京某垃圾焚烧厂的二噁英排放数据，评估其周边居民通过不同暴露途径面临的健康风险。  方法   参考美国加州热点计划，采用AERMOD模型，模拟北京某垃圾焚烧厂排放二噁英在大气中的扩散情况；借助多介质扩散模型，模拟二噁英在不同环境介质中的扩散情况；计算垃圾焚烧厂周边居民通过不同暴露途径的二噁英摄入量，评估人群终身致癌风险。  结果   在垃圾焚烧厂周边最大落地点浓度处，居民通过呼吸、皮肤接触、泥土摄入和母乳喂养等途径面临的终身致癌风险为5.28 × 10^–7；当居民饮用水来自于5大水库，饮食取自垃圾焚烧厂周边蔬菜基地、养殖场和水库时，所面临的终身致癌风险为1.77 × 10^–8。  结论   该垃圾焚烧厂在现有排放状况下，其周边居民面临的健康风险在充分安全边际内，其中呼吸和母乳喂养是最主要的暴露途径。

Neonatal thyroid function in Seveso 25 years after maternal exposure to dioxin

  Objective   To assess exposure route-related health risks of dioxin emitted from a waste incineration plant among residents living around the plant in Beijing city.   Methods   Referring to California's Hot Spot Program, we simulated the diffusion of dioxin emission in ambient air and in different environmental media around the waste incineration plant using American Meteorological Society (AMS) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD) . The doses of exposure to the dioxin emission through various routes were calculated for the residents living near the waste incineration plant to estimate the residents' lifetime cancer risk related to the exposures.   Results   The lifetime cancer risk is 5.28 × 10^–7 for the residents living at the place with maximum dioxin concentration via exposures to contaminated ambient air and soil and breastfeeding; while, the lifetime cancer risk is 1.77 × 10^–8 for the residents with the drinking water from the five reservoirs potentially contaminated by the dioxin emission and consuming food products from farmland, livestock farms, and reservoirs surrounding the waste incineration plant.   Conclusion   Under the current emission conditions, the dioxin emission-related health risk for the residents living around the waste incineration plant is within an ample safe margin and the main routes of exposure to the dioxin contamination are via respiration and breastfeeding for the residents.