新型冠状病毒疫苗相关的皮肤不良反应分析

目的探讨巢湖市接种新型冠状病毒疫苗(新冠疫苗)后皮肤不良反应( CADRs)的发生情况。方法选取 2021年 1― 12月在安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院就诊的接种新冠疫苗后发生 CADRs病人 270例，并对其临床资料进行统计分析。结果 270例 CADRs病人中男 112例( 41.48%)女 158例( 58.52%)年龄范围为 4~90岁，年龄( 44.04±21.41)岁； CADRs发生时间主要集中在新冠疫苗接种后7d内(216例，8，0.0%)； CADRs类型，主要包括荨麻疹( 85例， 31.48%)、接种部位局部红肿( 80例，29.63%)、非特异性皮疹( 78例， 28.89%)等；根据药物不良反应关联度评价，将皮疹表现类型分为很可能、可能及不明确三种，其中很可能的皮疹( 80例， 29.63%)、可能( 177例， 65.56%)、不明确( 13例， 4.81%)。根据引起皮肤不良反应的疫苗种类分为灭活疫苗( 142例， 52.60%)、重组疫苗( 128例， 47.40%)；引起 CADRs的新冠疫苗接种剂次以第 1剂次居多( 178例， 65.92%)。结论接种新冠疫苗后发生的 CADRs中，以接种灭活疫苗多见，第 1剂次居多，多见于中年女性，临床症状以荨麻疹表现最常见。所有病人经有效治疗均痊愈，且不遗留后遗症。应正确看待疫苗接种引起的 CADRs，鼓励全员积极接种疫苗，共筑免疫屏障。

Analysis of COVID-19 vaccination-related cutaneous adverse reactions

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and characteristics of cutaneous adverse reactions after receiving CO- VID-19 vaccines in Chaohu City, Anhui Province.Methods A total of 270 patients who had CADRs in Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University after COVID-19 vaccination from January to December 2021 were selected for the study, whose general condition,clinical manifestations latency time, etc were analyzed.Results Among the 270 patients with CADRs , 112 (41.48%) were males and158 (58.52%) were females, with an average age of (44.04±21.41)years, ranging from 4 to 90 years old. CADRs mainly occurred within7 days after the COVID-19 vaccination (216 cases, 80.0%); The types of CADRs mainly included urticaria(85 cases, 31.48%), local red-ness and swelling at the vaccination site (80 cases, 29.63%), non-specific rash (78 cases, 28.89%), etc.Based on the correlation evalua-tion of the adverse drug reactions, clinical rash manifestations were classified into three types: probable, possible and unclear, of whichthe most probable rashes (80 cases, 29.63%); Possible (177 cases, 65.56%); Unclear (13 cases, 4.81%). According to the types of vac-cines that cause adverse skin reactions, they are divided into inactivated vaccine (142 cases, 52.60%) and recombinant vaccine (128cases, 47.40%); The first dose of COVID-19 vaccine was the most frequently used to cause CADRs (178 cases, 65.92%).Conclusions The skin adverse reactions caused by COVID-19 vaccines are more common in women. Urticarial rashes are the most frequently ob-served, and most cutaneous adverse reactions occurre within one week after vaccination. The skin adverse reactions caused by inactivat-ed vaccines are more common, and the first dose is the most frequent. After active and effective treatment, it can be cured without leav-ing sequelae. Therefore, dermatologists should correctly view the adverse reactions caused by vaccination, and encourage all employeesto actively vaccinate and build an immune barrier.