青年军人与大学生睡眠质量及影响因素比较

目的 比较不同海拔地区藏族青少年的睡眠质量，并了解在高海拔地区影响青少年睡眠质量的因素，为后续干预提供依据。 方法 于2 016年8 — 10月，在西藏低海拔县中学（海拔2 800 m）选取来自高海拔（4 300 m）的227名学生（移居组）及来自低海拔的97名学生（低海拔组），在高海拔县中学（4 300 m）通过分层随机抽样选取306名学生（高海拔组）参加调查，通过自填式问卷调查获得学生相关信息，睡眠质量通过匹兹堡睡眠质量问卷测量，父母教养方式通过藏文版简式父母教养方式问卷进行测量。 结果 高海拔组学生的睡眠质量因子得分（1.80 ± 0.62）高于较低海拔组（1.55 ± 0.65）和移居组（1.54 ± 0.60）（P < 0.01），睡眠质量更差；入睡时间因子得分（2.04 ± 0.77）高于低海拔组（1.67 ± 0.64）（P < 0.01）和移居组（1.89 ± 0.73）（P < 0.05），入睡时间最长；睡眠障碍因子得分（2.11 ± 0.39）高于低海拔组（1.98 ± 0.38）及移居组（1.99 ± 0.48）（P < 0.05），睡眠障碍更多；总分（4.64 ± 1.93）也高于低海拔组（3.76 ± 1.93）（P < 0.01）及移居组（4.13 ± 2.00）（P < 0.05），总体睡眠质量更差。日间功能障碍因子高海拔组得分（2.13 ± 0.69）高于低海拔组（1.96 ± 0.63）（P < 0.05），高海拔组学生日间功能障碍较低海拔组更多。但睡眠时间因子得分低海拔组（1.13 ± 0.40）及移居组（1.13 ± 0.37）高于高海拔组（1.05 ± 0.33）（P < 0.05），睡眠时间较高海拔组短。经多因素分析，总体睡眠质量的影响因素有海拔及父母的拒绝教养方式。 结论 西藏不同海拔地区藏族青少年的睡眠质量受海拔及父母教养方式的影响。

Validity and reliability of the Tibetan version of s-EMBU for measuring parenting styles:

Objective To compare the sleep quality in the Tibetan adolescents from regions of different altitude and to explore impact factors of sleep quality in the Tibetan adolescents in high altitude regions for providing evidences to relevant interventions. Methods We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey at two high schools in two counties of different altitude in Tibet Autonomous Region from August to October 2 016. The participants of the survey were 97 students randomly selected in a high school in the county of low altitude (2 800 meters, low altitude group) and 227 students in the same high school but originally from the regions of high altitude (4 300 meters, migrant group), and 306 students in a high school in the county of high altitude (4 300 meters, high altitude group). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - Tibetan Version was used to assess the sleep quality and the short form Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran - Tibetan Version was adopted to measure parenting style in the participants. Results Compared to the students of low altitude group and migrant group, the students of high altitude group reported a significantly poorer subjective sleep quality (PSQI component score: 1.80 ± 0.62 vs. 1.55 ± 0.65 and 1.54 ± 0.60, both P < 0.01), longer sleep latency (2.04 ± 0.77 vs. 1.67 ± 0.64 and 1.89 ± 0.73, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), more sleep disturbances (2.11 ± 0.39 vs. 1.98 ± 0.38 and 1.99 ± 0.48, both P < 0.05), and a poorer general sleep quality (total PSQI score: 4.64 ± 1.93 vs. 3.76 ± 1.93 and 4.13 ± 2.00, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) but a longer sleep duration (PSQI component score: 1.05 ± 0.33 vs. 1.13 ± 0.40 and 1.13 ± 0.37, both P < 0.05); the students of high altitude group also reported a higher daytime dysfunction in comparison to the students of low altitude group (2.13 ± 0.69 vs.1.96 ± 0.63, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that sleep quality was influenced significantly by the altitude of residence and and parental rejection among the Tibetan adolescents. Conclusion The sleep quality is affected by the altitude of residence and parenting style among Tibetan adolescent students in Tibet Autonomous Region.