儿童七价肺炎球菌结合疫苗接种情况分析

  目的  了解浙江省宁波市 < 5岁儿童7价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV7）接种情况，为儿童肺炎球菌结合疫苗接种策略提供科学参考。  方法  收集宁波市免疫预防管理信息系统中2003年1月1日 — 2016年12月31日出生的儿童2008 — 2017年度PCV7的接种情况进行分析。  结果  宁波市2 027 202名 < 5岁儿童中，接种过PCV7者37 170人，PCV7接种率为1.83 %；其中全程接种30 308人，全程接种率为1.50 %。接种过PCV7的37 170名 < 5岁儿童中，首针疫苗接种年龄 < 3、3～6、7～11、12～23和 ≥24月龄者分别为585、19 790、5 008、7 236和4 551人，分别占接种儿童的1.57 %、53.24 %、13.47 %、19.47 %和12.24 %；PCV7接种1、2和 ≥3针次者分别为10 263、6 635和20 272人，分别占接种儿童的27.61 %、17.35 %和54.54 %。宁波市不同特征 < 5岁儿童比较，不同地区、性别、户籍类型、出生年份儿童PCV7接种率、PCV7首针疫苗接种年龄和PCV7接种剂次差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.01），不同地区、户籍类型、出生年份儿童全程接种率差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.001）。  结论  宁波市 < 5岁儿童PCV7接种率较低，不同特征儿童PCV7接种率、首针疫苗接种年龄和PCV7接种剂次存在差异。

Epidemiological analysis on two decades of hospitalisations for meningitis in the United States

  Objective  To examine vaccination coverage of 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV7) among children under 5 years old in Ningbo municipality and to provide evidences for developing strategies on effective coverage of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine.  Methods  Data on vaccination of PCV7 among all children born between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2016 were collected from Ningbo Municipal Immunization Information System and analyzed statistically.  Results  Among the 2 027 202 children included in the study, 37 170 had received at least one dose of PCV7 before the age of five, with a coverage rate of 1.83%, and 30 308 had received full doses of PCV7, with a full-dose coverage rate of 1.50% for the < 5 years children. Of the children with PCV7 vaccination, 585 (1.57%), 19 790 (53.24%), 5 008 (13.47%), 7 236 (19.47%), and 4 551 (12.24%) had their inoculation at the ages of < 3, 3 – 6, 7 – 11, 12 – 23, and ≥ 24 months and 10 263 (27.61%), 6 635 (17.35%), and 20 272 (54.54%) had one dose, two doses, and three or more doses PCV7, respectively. There were significant variations in the vaccination coverage rate, the age at the first dose of vaccination, and vaccination doses of PCV7 among the children of different gender, residence region, household registry, and year of born (P < 0.01 for all); there were also a significant difference in the full-dose vaccination coverage rate of PCV7 among the children with various residence region, household registry, and year of born (all P < 0.001).  Conclusion  The vaccination coverage of PCV7 is low among children of less than five years old in Ningbo municipality and the vaccination coverage rate, age at the first dose vaccination, and vaccination dose of PCV7 are different among the children with various social and demographic characteristics.