From Acetylcholine to Amyloid: Neurotransmitters and the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease |
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| Institution: | 1. Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany;3. Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;4. Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;2. Department of Internal Medicine, SoonChunHyang University Hospital, Bucheon City, Kyung-Gi-Do 420-767, South Korea;3. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 156-755, South Korea;1. Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061, China;2. Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061, China;3. Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061, China;4. Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061, China;5. Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061, China;6. Department of Human Anatomy, Xi’an Medical University, 1 Xinwang road, Xi’an, 710021, China;1. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;2. 3D Lab (Development, Differentiation and Degeneration), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain;4. Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;5. Department of Pathology, Vall d''Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;6. Department of Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;7. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;1. Golestan Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Brain amyloid deposits play a central role in the histopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as evidenced by increased formation of amyloid β peptides (Aβ) in genetic forms of AD that are caused by mutations in the presenilin genes, or the amyloid β protein precursor (APP) gene. Neuronal deafferentation in AD brain may also be associated with accelerated Aβ formation, because APP processing is regulated by neuronal activity, presumably via several G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors. Subtype-selective agonists including muscarinic m1 receptor ligands may be useful for the pharmacological reduction of Aβ formation. |
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